请赐教~og12的三道有争议的题目。谢谢

小娟子nana

og12~请大侠赐教~谢谢（仅仅三道逻辑题）

og12-84
Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives .However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A.These wine makers have been able to duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites by means that do not involve adding any potentially allergenic substances to their wine.
B.Not all forms of sulfite are equally likely to produce the allergic reactions.
C.Wine is the only beverage to which sulfites are commonly added.
D.Apart from sulfites, there are no substances commonly present in wine that give rise to an allergic reaction.
E.Sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines.
答案是e。
但是我主要不明白的是e的表达，感觉好像有语法错似的。看到these wine makers之前还是明白句子意思的，但是后面居然接着in amounts large enough````天阿。那这句话到底什么意思阿，是说酒里面本身就没有sulfites还是说，酒本身就没有足以产生过敏的数量呢？请大侠赐教~~（最好解说一下这个句子·····）

81.When demand for a factory’s products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low. Thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.

Which of the following, if true about a factory when demand for its products is high, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
A.Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.
B.It s management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.
C.Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.
D.Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.
E.Its old machinery is replaced with moderns, automated models.

答案是b。我明白选b的理由，但是对题目有点疑惑。如果没理解错的话，原文的意思应该是“当产品需求高的时候，对预防措施和机器维护会比产品需求低时投入更多。因此，工伤事件在产品需求高时会比产品需求低时要更少，同时预防措施和机器维护的资金也会少。”开头就说“对预防措施和机器维护资金投入就多”为什么最后又说“less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.”呢？

71.

Roland:The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.

Sharon

:But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that

(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded

(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population

(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90% of the population

(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents

(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics

答案是b。看了og的解释，仍然还是不明白。这个跟isolated segments of the population有什么关系阿？谢谢指导

小娟子nana

呜呜~~怎么没人阿~~大侠出来救救我~

alwynzhang

第一题：
sulfites会引起某些人国民，而且是作为防腐剂被加入的，但是是不是没有加入作为防腐剂的SULFITES后的酒水就没有这种物质呢？我们不能说不加入SULFITES作为防腐剂的酒水肯定就不含有SULFITES了，只能说其含量要少于之前有加防腐剂的分量。所以最大的一个削弱的可能就是酒水本身就含有这样的物质，喝多了依然会出现过敏。E刚好弥补了这个不足，所以是ASSUMPTION。E的意思是即使酒水本身有SULFITES天然存在，喝得再多也不会出现量变导致质变使人过敏。
第二题：
你断句错了，when demand is low and less money is available 是一起的，也就是说比较的其实是when demand is high( and more moeny is available)。
第三题：
典型的民调和抽样检查的问题，这和数字比例这对冤家是一样的，是逻辑题经常考到的种类。这个涉及到概率的理解。举个例子好了，一共有60个人，50个人穿白衣，10个人穿黑衣，他们在两个房间里。如果从总数上来看，从两个房间来抽的话，抽到白衣的概率是50/60，但是如果第一个房间里只有白衣，第二个房间里只有黑衣，显然这个概率就变得两个房间不平均了。反正一般的民调的假设都是某个地区内各种情况是普遍分布的，如果不是正常分布的话其概率就有问题了。

小娟子nana

第二题，我当时也知道是我断句出了问题，但阁下能不能帮忙翻译一下这个句子阿，这样会让我彻底得理解这句话，谢谢。
Thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.

quyuanmei

我这个初学者斗胆翻一下：
因此每个员工每月上班时间发生事故的平均数量在需求较高和用于保护措施和机器维护的钱充足的时候少于需求较低和用于保护措施和机器维护的钱数较少的时候