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LZ辛苦了,但从你的回忆我觉得小鸡那篇和GWD里一篇的内容很相似,麻烦确认一下,谢谢: Sociallearning in animals is said to occur when direct or indirect social interactionfacilitates the acquisition of a novel behavior. It usually takes the form of an experiencedanimal (the demonstrator) performing a behavior such that the naïve animal (theobserver) subsequently expresses the same behavior sooner, or more completely,than it would have otherwise. One exampleof social learning is the acquisition of preferences for novel foods. Some experiments have suggested thatamong mammals, social learning facilitates the identification of beneficialfood items, but that among birds, social learning helps animals avoid toxicsubstances. For example, one study showed that when red-wing blackbirdsobserved others consuming a colored food or a food in a distinctly markedcontainer and then becoming ill, they subsequently avoided food associated withthat color or container. Another experimentshowed that house sparrows consumed less red food after they observed otherseating red food that was treated so as to be noxious. Studies on nonavian species have not producedsimilar results, leading researchers to speculate that avian social learningmay be fundamentally different from that of mammals. But Sherwin’s recent experiments withdomestic hens do not support the notion that avian social learning necessarilyfacilitates aversion to novel foods that are noxious or toxic. Even when demonstrator hens reacted with obviousdisgust to a specific food, via vigorous head shaking and bill wiping, therewas no evidence that observers subsequently avoided eating that food. Sherwin’sresearch team speculated that ecological or social constraints during theevolution of this species might have resulted in there being little benefitfrom the social learning of unpalatability, for instance, selective pressuresfor this mode of learning would be reduced if the birds rarely encounterednoxious or toxic food or rarely interacted after eating such food, or if theconsequences of ingestion were minimal. In a related experiment, the sameresearchers showed that if observer hens watched demonstrator hens reactfavorably to food of a particular color, then observer hens ate more food ofthat color than they ate of food of other colors. These results confirmed that avianspecies can develop preferences for palatable food through social learning. |
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