好沮丧---求帮忙. 阅读大全 GMAT部分passage 88

juan

Passage 88 (3/15)fficeffice" />

    

Shaw’s defense of a theater of ideas brought him up against     both his great bugbears—commercialized art on the one hand and Art for Art’s Sake on the other. His teaching is that beauty is a by-product of other activity; that the artist writes out of moral passion (in forms varying from political conviction to religious zeal), not out of love of art; that the pursuit of art for its own sake is a form of self-indulgence as bad as any other sort of sensuality. In the end, the errors of “pure” art and of commercialized art are identical: they both appeal primarily to the senses. True art, on the other hand, is not merely a matter of pleasure. It may be unpleasant. A favorite Shavian metaphor for the function of the arts is that of tooth-pulling. Even if the patient is under laughing gas, the tooth is still pulled.

The history of aesthetics affords more examples of a didactic than of a hedonist view. But Shaw’s didacticism takes an unusual turn in its application to the history of arts. If, as Shaw holds, ideas are a most important part of a work of art, and if, as he also holds, ideas go out of date, it follows that even the best works of art go out of date in some important respects and that the generally held view that great works are in all respects eternal is not shared by Shaw. In the preface to Three Plays for Puritans, he maintains that renewal in the arts means renewal in philosophy, that the first great artist who comes along after a renewal gives to the new philosophy full and final form, that subsequent artists, though even more gifted, can do nothing but refine upon the master without matching him. Shaw, whose essential modesty is as disarming as his pose of vanity is disconcerting, assigns to himself the role, not of the master, but of the pioneer, the role of a Marlowe rather than of a Shakespeare. “The whirligig of time will soon bring my audiences to my own point of view,” he writes, “and then the next Shakespeare that comes along will turn these petty tentatives of mine into masterpieces final for their epoch.”

“Final for their epoch”—even Shakespearean masterpieces are not final beyond that. No one, says Shaw, will ever write a better tragedy than Lear or a better opera than Don Giovanni or a better music drama than Der Ring des Nibelungen; but just as essential to a play as this aesthetic merit is moral relevance which, if we take a naturalistic and historical view of morals, it loses, or partly loses, in time. Shaw, who has the courage of his historicism, consistently withstands the view that moral problems do not change, and argues therefore that for us modern literature and music form a Bible surpassing in significance the Hebrew Bible. That is Shaw’s anticipatory challenge to the neo-orthodoxy of today.

    

今天做了GMAT_GRE_LAST_READING_2772中的GMAT考古题第3题，也就是GMAT阅读中的passage 88，9个问题，我只做对了前3题，后6题全错了----主要是我不太理解文章的目的和作者想表达的态度.有看过的朋友可以帮我解说一下吗?或者说说你们做这题时的思路....

无比感谢急切等待中.......

snow_mountain

以下是引用pumpkin在2004-3-29 14:39:00的发言：

Passage 88 (3/15)fficeffice" />

    Shaw’s defense of a theater of ideas brought him up against (bring up against: v.遭遇) both his great bugbears—commercialized art on the one hand and Art for Art’s Sake on the other. His teaching is that beauty is a by-product of other activity; that the artist writes out of moral passion<所以Shakespeare wrote out of a moral passion> (in forms varying from political conviction to religious zeal), not out of love of art; that the pursuit of art for its own sake is a form of self-indulgence as bad as any other sort of sensuality. In the end, the errors of “pure” art and of commercialized art are identical: they both appeal primarily to the senses. True art, on the other hand, is not merely a matter of pleasure. It may be unpleasant. A favorite Shavian metaphor for the function of the arts is that of tooth-pulling. Even if the patient is under laughing gas, the tooth is still pulled.

The history of aesthetics affords more examples of a didactic than of a hedonist view. But Shaw’s didacticism takes an unusual turn in its application to the history of arts. If, as Shaw holds, ideas are a most important part of a work of art, and if, as he also holds, ideas go out of date (go out of date: 过时), it follows that even the best works of art go out of date in some important respects and that the generally held view that great works are in all respects eternal is not shared by Shaw<All of Shakespeare’s plays are out of date in some important respect>. In the preface to Three Plays for Puritans, he maintains that renewal in the arts means renewal in philosophy, that the first great artist who comes along after a renewal gives to the new philosophy full and final form, that subsequent artists, though even more gifted, can do nothing but refine upon the master without matching him<后来的人, 即使更有天赋, 也不能超越, 只能改进. Shakespeare’s Lear gives full and final form to the philosophy of his age>. Shaw, whose essential modesty is as disarming as his pose of vanity is disconcerting <说他有骄傲的表面但是还是谦虚的, 至少不敢冒称自己是沙翁Q6>, assigns to himself the role, not of the master, but of the pioneer, the role of a Marlowe rather than of a Shakespeare. <Shaw承认自己是MARLOWE, 不说自己是沙, 是觉得沙比MARLOWE厉害-所以Shakespeare is a greater artist than Marlowe> “The whirligig of time will soon bring my audiences to my own point of view,” he writes, “and then the next Shakespeare that comes along will turn these petty tentatives of mine into masterpieces final for their epoch.”

“Final for their epoch”—even Shakespearean masterpieces are not final beyond that. No one, says Shaw, will ever write a better tragedy than Lear<说他的lear怎么怎么好, 在当时怎么怎么有伟大的历史意义 His Lear gives full and final form to the philosophy of his age.> or a better opera than Don Giovanni or a better music drama than Der Ring des Nibelungen; but just as essential to a play as this aesthetic merit is moral relevance which, if we take a naturalistic and historical view of morals, it loses, or partly loses, in time <无论多么伟大的东东, 都有其历史背景Q7 A play cannot be comprehended fully without some knowledge and imaginative understanding of its context >. Shaw, who has the courage of his historicism, consistently withstands the view that moral problems do not change, and argues therefore that for us modern literature and music form a Bible surpassing in significance the Hebrew Bible. That is Shaw’s anticipatory challenge to the neo-orthodoxy of today.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss

(A) the unorthodoxy of Shaw’s views on the Bible

(B) the aesthetic merit of Shaw’s plays

(C) Shaw’s theory of art

(D) Shavian examples of the theater of ideas（C）

(E) Shaw’s naturalistic and historical view of morals

    

这题好理解。全文看不懂这题也不会错。一丝安慰。苦笑。

2. The author sets off the word “pure” (line 9) with quotation marks in order to

(A) contrast it with the word “true,” which appears later (line 10)

(B) suggest that, in this context, it is synonymous with “commercialized” (line 9)

(C) underscore its importance

(D) strip away its negative connotations（A）

(E) emphasize its positive connotations

    

这题应该也没什么问题吧。

3. According to the author, Shaw compares art to tooth-pulling (lines 12-14) in order to show that

(A) the moral relevance of a work of art must be extracted from the epoch in which it was created

(B) true art is painful to the senses

(C) even the best works of art go out of date

(D) pleasure is not the sole purpose of art（D）

(E) all art has a lasting effect on its audience

原文改写solely=merely     同意你的看法。B比较迷惑，但注意原文中的maybe,B过于绝对。

4. According to the author, Shaw’s didacticism was unusual in that it was characterized by

(A) idealism

(B) historicism=in its application to the history of arts     同意。

(C) hedonism

(D) moralism（B）

(E) religious zeal

5. It can be inferred from the passage that Shaw would probably agree with all of the following statements about Shakespeare EXCEPT:

(A) He wrote out of a moral passion.

(B) All of his plays are out of date in some important respect.

(C) He was the most profound and original thinker of his epoch.

    

错在original. 原文两点提示：renewal.     和shaw 称自己是pioneer, not shakespear. 再次说明shakespear 的role.

(D) He was a greater artist than Marlowe.（C）

(E) His Lear gives full and final form to the philosophy of his age.

6. Which of the following does the author cite as a contradiction in Shaw?

(A) Whereas he pretended to be vain, he was actually modest.

(B) He questioned the significance of the Hebrew Bible, and yet he believed that a great artist could be motivated by religious zeal.        

the significance of the Hebrew Bible 的问题是由于idea will go out of date 引起的。与religious zeal 无干。

(C) Although he insisted that true art springs from moral passion, he rejected the notion that morals do not change.         他认为will chaneg. 错。

(D) He considered himself to be the pioneer of a new philosophy, but he hoped his audiences would eventually adopt his point of view.（A）     压根胡扯。

(E) On the one hand, he held that ideas are a most important part of a work of art; on the other hand, he believed that ideas go out of date.    

    我就载在这上面。仔细想想也不矛盾。所以他才会认为modern bible is better than herbew bible.

    

好像只有A了.

    

7. The ideas attributed to Shaw in the passage suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

(A) Every great poet digs down to a level where human nature is always and everywhere alike.

(B) A play cannot be comprehended fully without some knowledge and imaginative understanding of its context.

(C) A great music drama like Der Ring des Nibelungen springs from a love of beauty, not from a love of art.

(D) Morality is immutable; it is not something to be discussed and worked out.（B）

(E) Don Giovanni is a masterpiece because it is as relevant today as it was when it was created.

    

只有排除法了。

8. The passage contains information that answers which of the following questions?

I. According to Shaw, what is the most important part of a work of art?

II. In Shaw’s view, what does the Hebrew Bible have in common with Don Giovanni?-在最后一段: Don Giovanni是伟大的音乐作品, 但是还是会慢慢变得不那么伟大. 但是moral problems do not change, 而且, a Bible surpassing in significance the Hebrew Bible, 大概就是说Hebrew Bible是和Don Giovanni一样, 和Bible 不一样…

需要infer. Don Giovanni是伟大的音乐作品, 但是还是会慢慢变得不那么伟大.(原文中有lose , partly lose. 正如herbew 现在不如modern bible 了。) 太tricky 了。ETS去死吧。

III. According to the author, what was Shaw’s assessment of himself as a playwright? –只能找到这个: Shaw自称是pioneer.     同意。

(A) I only

(B) III only

(C) I and II only

(D) II and III only（D）

(E) I, II, and III

    

这题我选了I II 和III。 死的不明不白。shaw 明明就是认为idea is the most important 嘛。难道要我用CR中的infer 技巧。说这个most 退不出来。

    

9. As it is revealed in the passage, the author’s attitude toward Shaw can best be described as

(A) condescending

(B) completely neutral

(C) approving

(D) envious（C）

(E) adulatory

同意原文的语气。

PARA1. 讲SHAW的理论内容
PARA2. 具体陈述他的理论è历史的角度看问题++è他对自己的评价(谦虚++)
PARA3. 总结è再好的东东都有历史局限性的++

全文到最后说的语气还是肯定的.
courage…consistently….anticipatory…都是正面的平均
That is Shaw’s anticipatory challenge to the neo-orthodoxy of today.

偶总的感觉是SHAW此人的理论招来的反对大概满多的-此人大概看起来比较骄傲. 但是历史的角度看问题是不错的.

偶错的是3,5,8-5555555555555, 都是信息题目…

    

简直是错的死不瞑目。GMAT中好像不考文艺题吧。（好像JJ中没看到。）

    

附：回复中常常出现的问题（发新贴也有。）写了一半鼠标动不了了。只好发表，然后再编辑。你们有没有这种问题呀。烦。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-3-29 15:56:10编辑过]

Zeros

偶插一句，

TO: Bryony

这是DHTML编辑器的缺陷，pumpkin的原文是从WORD中COPY到论坛发帖的DHTML编辑器中，这种转换会带来较多的废码，使DHTML编辑器反应迟钝，甚至假死。

jnlvo

文艺类的题目确实难啊！谢谢pumpkin MM的细致讲解！

snow_mountain

以下是引用pumpkin在2004-3-29 16:30:00的发言：
首先严重严重感谢bryony---这个段子实在有点晦涩兮兮...

偶反正是一身的汗了

关于死掉的问题

附：回复中常常出现的问题（发新贴也有。）写了一半鼠标动不了了。只好发表，然后再编辑。你们有没有这种问题呀。烦。

老大的话是等于米有回答......

偶有个偏方的: 死了的时候, 就点上面的

标题不采用“回复：XXX....”

选中, 在取消---一般就好了, 似乎是激活了一样...

还有, 左边的选择话题: 随便点一个, 再回到这个编辑窗口就好了...

整个一个死机 ......

PS: 虽然老大说偶用WORD8好, 带来麻烦, but 偶还是喜欢word, 至少可以保存......

等着下次假死的时候试验MM的偏方，呵呵。

weiyu

以下是引用bryony在2004-3-29 15:28:00的发言：

6.(C) Although he insisted that true art springs from moral passion, he rejected the notion that morals do not change(认为do not change错误).         他认为will chaneg. 错。

原文:Shaw, who has the courage of his historicism, consistently withstands the view that moral problems do not change说的是认为do not change    错误.


这个选项的毛病是moral passion和do not change是一个意思, 没有contradiction.


    


文章挺难的, 我错了3, 6, 7. 在仔细看看文章的clue和思路

snow_mountain

要仔细欧，weiyu.     看原文：


if, as he also holds, ideas go out of date (go out of date: 过时), it follows that even the best works of art go out of date in some important respects and that the generally held view that great works are in all respects eternal is not shared by Shaw


    


还有：Shaw, who has the courage of his historicism, consistently withstands the view that moral problems do not change


here, withstand means : to remain unharmed by sth.


Shaw is unharmed by    the thoughts that moral problems do not change. 取非：shaw believes that ideas will change.

juan

To Weiyu and Bryony:

原文:Shaw, who has the courage of his historicism, consistently withstands the view that moral problems do not changefficeffice" />

说的是Shaw抵制(withstand) “moral problems do not change “的观点,那也就是说Shaw 认为moral problems应该要change .

    

而这里的C选项是说Shaw rejected the notion that morals do not change , 说的也是Shaw 拒绝”moral problems do not change ”, 那也就是说Shaw认为moral problems应该要change.

    

所以从这个意思上说,这个C选项说的是” although Shaw agreed that true art springs from moral passion, he agreed that morals do change ”吧?


我都有些晕了……..

juan

我想C选项和原文的意思是相符的，只是错在这个C选项并没有被作者cite as a controdiction in Shaw吧？ 因为原文并看不出作者在哪里指出这点是controdiction。


不知道我这么想对不对？请指正。

weiyu

以下是引用bryony在2004-3-29 23:50:00的发言：
要仔细欧，weiyu.     看原文：
here, withstand means : to remain unharmed by sth.

还是觉得不对，withstand在M-W中的解释


1 a : to stand up against : oppose with firm determination;     especially         : to resist successfully     b : to be proof against : resist the effect of *withstand the impact of a landing— Current Biography*
2 archaic         : to stop or obstruct the course of
synonyms see OPPOSE