请教三道Feifei题

Chris_D

77. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.
Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?
(A) Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.
(B) Commercial pilot routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.
(C) The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.
(D) Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.
(E) Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

答案是D，我觉得C和D是从正反两个角度说了同一个问题，为什么选D不选C呢？

80. Advertisement: Clark brand-name parts are made for cars manufactured in this country. They satisfy all of our government automotive tests-the toughest such tests in the world. With foreign-made parts, you never know which might be reliable and which are cheap look-alikes that are poorly constructed and liable to cost you hundreds of dollars in repairs. Therefore, be smart and insist on brand-name parts by Clark for your car.
The argument requires the assumption that
(A) Clark parts are available only in this country
(B) foreign-made arts are not suitable for cars manufactured in this country
(C) no foreign-made parts satisfy our government standards
(D) parts that satisfy or government standards are not as poorly constructed as cheap foreign made parts
(E) if parts are made for cars manufactured in our country, they are not poorly constructed
答案D，但我觉得C好像是必要条件？取非后国外产的配件也符合同样的标准不就削弱了广告呼吁选C牌的效力了么？

89. Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of bean plants or other legumes produce fixed nitrogen, which is one of the essential plant nutrients and which for non-legume crops, such as wheat, normally must be supplied by applications of nitrogen-based fertilizer. So if biotechnology succeeds in producing wheat strains whose roots will play host to Rhizobium bacteria, the need for artificial fertilizers will be reduced.
The argument above makes which one of the following assumptions?
(A) Biotechnology should be directed toward producing plants that do not require artificial fertilize.
(B) Fixed nitrogen is currently the only soil nutrient that must be supplied by artificial fertilizer for growing wheat crops.
(C) There are no naturally occurring strains of wheat or other grasses that have Rhizobium bacteria living in their roots.
(D) Legumes are currently the only corps that produce their own supply of fixed nitrogen.
(E) Rhizobium bacteria living in the roots of wheat would produce fixed nitrogen.
做题的时候在B和E中抉择了半天，答案是E，但B取非也会削弱，为什么不对呢？

呼唤达人提点，不胜感激：）

phanly

77：题目说：因为飞行事故多，所以要减少飞行员的错误，所以办班补课。但（转折），补充理论知识，并不能弥补实践经验的缺失，所以要rethink。很明显：假设的是“实践飞行经验对飞机事故有重要责任”
c和d 的区别在于，c说flying time是直接,太绝对，我们读题已经知道，侧重点应该还有training,在c显示不出来
d,只是说an important factor,语气正确

80：这里的结论是，选择clark 牌子，不选其他。是消费者的选择，所以取非后要看对这个结论的影响，而不是看对证据的影响
如果看起来一样cheap alike,消费者没办法选择了，所以assumpition一定是和外国的看起来不一样
至于之前说的满足标准那些都是对evidence来说的，所以无关

89:话说一种细菌能够产生fixed nitrogen，wheat上的fertilizer也能产生这种nitrogen
结论：如果把细菌弄过来， fertilizer就少了
e是正确的，因为这里的assumption其实还是驱除他因，结论是，细菌过来后就会减少fertilizer,那假设肯定得是:细菌不会因为过来后的环境变化而产生了少量或不产生的nitrogen，所以e说细菌还继续产生，就把这个要素给除去了
c里有一点说的不好：“soil nutrient that must be supplied by artificial fertilizer”，不一定啊，细菌不也可以产生吗

Chris_D

多谢解答！：）

不过最后一道还是有点不明白，soil nutrient that must be supplied by artificial fertilizer在原文中是可以找到根据的呀

77：题目说：因为飞行事故多，所以要减少飞行员的错误，所以办班补课。但（转折），补充理论知识，并不能弥补实践经验的缺失，所以要rethink。很明显：假设的是“实践飞行经验对飞机事故有重要责任”
c和d 的区别在于，c说flying time是直接,太绝对，我们读题已经知道，侧重点应该还有training,在c显示不出来
d,只是说an important factor,语气正确

80：这里的结论是，选择clark 牌子，不选其他。是消费者的选择，所以取非后要看对这个结论的影响，而不是看对证据的影响
如果看起来一样cheap alike,消费者没办法选择了，所以assumpition一定是和外国的看起来不一样
至于之前说的满足标准那些都是对evidence来说的，所以无关

89:话说一种细菌能够产生fixed nitrogen，wheat上的fertilizer也能产生这种nitrogen
结论：如果把细菌弄过来， fertilizer就少了
e是正确的，因为这里的assumption其实还是驱除他因，结论是，细菌过来后就会减少fertilizer,那假设肯定得是:细菌不会因为过来后的环境变化而产生了少量或不产生的nitrogen，所以e说细菌还继续产生，就把这个要素给除去了
c里有一点说的不好：“soil nutrient that must be supplied by artificial fertilizer”，不一定啊，细菌不也可以产生吗

-- by 会员 phanly (2009/11/27 14:28:42)