攒rp, 流派诗人英文原文,提纲和nn寂静

ohohh

流派诗人英文原文

如果没错的话应该是原文,自己一战时就准备过这篇文章. 3楼是自己整理归纳的中文.  考过的nn希望能确认一下

The first installment of Testimony was published in 1934 by the Objectivist Press, which had been started several years earlier to promote the views of poets including William Carlos Williams, Louis Zukofsky, George Oppen, and Reznikoff himself. They were believers in Objectivism, a short-lived but still influential offshoot of poetic Modernism, the early 20th-century assault by T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and others on the Enlightenment-influenced poetics of their predecessors. For the Objectivists, the poem was an object, not a report by the poet of what he or she thought or felt. They rejected the emphasis by 19th-century Romantic poets like Wordsworth and Shelley on the poet's subjective experience of transcendent meaning as depicted through metaphor and symbol. (The title and opening line of Wordsworth's well-known poem about daffodils, "I wandered lonely as a cloud," is a good example of the tendencies that the Objectivists judged artificial and misleading.) The Objectivists believed that feeling and emotion should come through the choice of details and the sound and appearance of words on the page.

Reznikoff continued to work on Testimony throughout his life. In the 1960s, he published two new volumes (the first drawn from judicial opinions of 1885-1890, the second from opinions of 1891-1900); two additional volumes (1901-1910 and 1911-1915) were published after his death. In each of the later volumes, Reznikoff revised his art, reshaping the documentary material into syncopated lines of poetry.

The Negro was dead/when the doctors examined him," a characteristic poem begins:

They found upon his belly bruises:

he died, the doctors said, of peritonitis.

 While the shift in form draws even more attention to the language (as in the isolation of "bruises" in the lines just quoted), the later editions employ the same third-person perspective, looking to the objective language of a judicial opinion, the words as words, rather than subjective experience or metaphor, for the emotional intensity of the poem. With its use of judicial opinions as the raw material of poetry, Testimony radically undercuts the traditional assumption that the poet works in a private sphere that is somehow separate from the pressures and pulls of the public domain. Not only is the poem an object, but it is an object taken from the workaday world that poets traditionally have viewed as unsuitable for poetry. Testimony never lets us forget that it is judicial opinions the poet is expounding.

 Reznikoff's most important innovation and chief legacy to subsequent poets was this use of social speech, the public language of lawyers, to further the Modernist project of drawing attention to the linguistic qualities of a poem. By juxtaposing the descriptions of fact—the underlying story—of one case after another, he created an emotionally powerful collage from the apparently impersonal language of judicial opinions, a collage that chronicles America's struggle with slavery and its emergence as a commercial and industrial power.

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/10/10 22:37:42编辑过]

灵儿citibank

有没有nn能把这篇英文给翻译出来啦，那就太造福大家了。。。。。期待中

ohohh

第一段将一个Reznikoff的作家编了一本叫testimony的诗集，于1934年发表在一份叫做Objector的报刊上，这份报刊上发表的都是支持Objectivism（客观主义）的诗人，包括Testimony的作者，它和浪漫主义——1个20世纪初由T.S.Eliot和爱兹拉庞德（两位大牛啊）复兴，起源于文艺复兴时代，由华兹华斯（wordworth）和shelly首倡的一种思潮。（此处有题考Reznikoff和shelly的关系，让在五个选项中选一个analogous的），诗歌不同的地方在于浪漫主义会用很多修辞和比喻来抒发感情，而这种"objectivism"的诗歌推崇诗本身是object。

 

第二段讲这个作家在1960年代之后一直仍然坚持创作这个Testimony的杂志直到死，他生命中最后的几部作品运用了很多细节（也有考题问他后来都干了什么）然后说N诗人的诗集写了很多年，一直到60S'还在创作，在生前出版了2本，死后又出版了2本。

 

第三段讲他诗作中引用了许多19世纪欧洲法庭的庭辩和证言，这些举动都是十分新颖的，因为他引入了一些人们原来觉得不能引入的元素（即法庭证言）。他创作的独特性不仅在于首次引用了法庭和司法的语言，还在于他把诗歌从一种原先认为是private的，与世隔绝，不沾染俗世的文学体裁，变成了一种完全写实，以社会事件为依据的文学体裁。

 

第四段将了他的这种题材也可以表现出情感，而且通过表达法庭的攻辩，把律师的语言带入文学，赋予其感染力（个人感觉比较像佐拉的自然主义）。

 

考题：

1.    indicate了关于R的什么？我选的是他为了构成后期的观点花了很长时间。

2.
                类比，将R和S对比，在前半部提了一下S这个人，他好像是和R同时代但是驳斥R的观点，我选的是A选项，某人有marketing strategy，但另一人驳斥他的，后面的选项都和marketing strategy有关，我当时毛毛躁躁没仔细看，觉得长得都差不多，所以就凭第一感觉选了A，所以大家做的时候好再仔细判断一下，我很可能理解错

3.
                有考题，和一个浪漫主义作家Stella作比较

4.
                问题有文章作者认为那个中心作者的work怎样
        纠结半天我选了直接和律师或者法官合作

5.
                还有几道题是问inference作者持什么态度的

6.
                文章中Reznikoff与客观主义有关。

 

还有几道题是问inference作者持什么态度的，和文章中Reznikoff与客观主义有关。
            

问题1：N诗人和S诗人他们之间的类比关系，如同：
            

我的答案是：一个人，他提倡一种市场营销的策略，这个策略和他之前一个人的策略是相悖的（B）
            

问题2：本文作者对N的态度
                   是正面态度，好像是赞扬他的创新吧

 

问题有：以下那个是对的。  选的好像是D：这个人创办这个杂志是一个长久的project。

       以下那个可以与这个人和浪漫派诗人的关系作对比。
            选的好像是B：一个营销者，他推行一个理论，这个理论是反对另一个人的理论的。

 

第一段：说CR这个人写了名叫作Testmony的诗歌作品。然后就出现了一大串的人名，他们是和CR站在一边的——都是objectivists。之后对objectivists做了同位语解释，还说了是一种短暂但是influential的诗歌流派。然后就出现了强对比：说了与传统诗人的不同，传统诗人又举了好像是两个人名（有一个Shelly，终于出现一个我认识的人名）。——这一段不要被这些人名吓到，只要记住他们是两拨对立的人就可以了。

第二段：说CR这个人把他的一生都献给了这部Testmony。XXX年发表了前两卷；xxx年发表了后两卷，这里有一个小细节说，他在后两卷里面revised his art。

第三段：又绕回去说CR一派和传统诗歌的不同。就是传统诗歌比较注重express emotions and personal experience.而CR认为应该客观地反映世界。

最后一段：（作者态度段）说了CR的testmony对于后来者的贡献在于他首次采用了judicial speech作为了诗歌的resources。又说，CR用impersonal languages也表达出了powerful emotions.

我遇到的题目：1. 关于testmony，作者的agree?

                            我选：客观的语言也可以在某种程度上表达出情感。（是文中最后一句话的inference）

                        2. 题目似乎和第一题差不多，搞得我还以为是不是没有next成功呢。

                            我选：它是一个long-term project.

                        3. 类比题。说CR和Shelly的关系和以下的那两人的关系最像？

                                   （这篇文章就是以人名唬人的~5个选项又出现一大串人名。而且全部是啰哩啰唆的长句）

                                    不过只要紧紧抓住CR和Shelly是持有对立观点的就行了。

                                           我的选项中带有Taylor这个人名，说他的观点是另一个人（忘了人名了）所反对的。

                                           其他的都不是。有这样的一些关系：有继承的、有revived的、有强烈支持一个被某个人支持过又abandoned的……云云

                        4. 说CR的testmony创新之处在什么地方？

                                         我选：采用了新的一种形式的诗歌来源和描述了新的事物。（大概是这个意思，定位在最后一段作者对于Testmony的评价）

wudi0314

拜读。。。。。

谢谢lz  太伟大啦！

moonwalker

顶啊，

麻烦考到过的NN来看一下是不是原文。

灵儿citibank

太感谢拉！顶！

coolboxer

太牛了吧，怎么找到的？

灵儿citibank

对了一下过去的双钩，发现内容真的差不多，真神阿。。。

anzhiying

lz好强！

考过的来确认一下吧

祝lz考好！

ohohh

灵儿mm很赞的说,多谢帮我顶帖,呵呵