lsat9-I-7,20,9

albert

7. In a study of the effect of radiation from nuclear weapons plants on people living in areas near them, researchers compared death rates in the areas near the plants with death rates in areas that had no such plants. Finding no difference in these rates, the researchers concluded that radiation from the nuclear weapons plants poses no health hazards to people living near them.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researchers’ argument?
(A) Nuclear power plants were not included in the study.
(B) The areas studied had similar death rates before and after the nuclear weapons plants were built.
(C) Exposure to nuclear radiation can cause many serious diseases that do not necessarily result in death.
(D) Only a small number of areas have nuclear weapons plants.
(E) The researchers did not study the possible health hazards of radiation on people who were employed at the nuclear weapons plants if those employees did not live in the study areas.

Answer: C I think it is B

Saunders: Everyone at last week’s neighborhood association meeting agreed that the row of abandoned and vandalized houses on Cariton Street posed a threat to the safety of our neighborhood. Moreover, no one now disputes that getting the houses torn down eliminated that threat. Some people tried to argue that it was unnecessary to demolish what they claimed were basically sound buildings, since the city had established a fund to help people in need of housing buy and rehabilitate such buildings. The overwhelming success of the demolition strategy, however, proves that the majority, who favored demolition, were right and that those who claimed that the problem could and should be solved by rehabilitating the houses were wrong.
20. Which one of the following principles, if established would determine that demolishing the houses was the right decision or instead would determine that the proposal advocated by the opponents of demolition should have been adopted?
(A) When what to do about an abandoned neighborhood building is in dispute, the course of action that would result in the most housing for people who need it should be the one adopted unless the building is believed to pose a threat to neighborhood safety.
(B) When there are two proposals for solving a neighborhood problem, and only one of them would preclude the possibility of trying the other approach if the first proves unsatisfactory, then the approach that does not foreclose the other possibility should be the one adopted.
(C) If one of two proposals for renovating vacant neighborhood buildings requires government funding whereas the second does not, the second proposal should be the one adopted unless the necessary government funds have already been secured.
(D) No pain for eliminating a neighborhood problem that requires demolishing basically sound houses should be carried out until all other possible alternatives have been thoroughly investigated.
(E) No proposal for dealing with a threat to a neighborhood’s safety should be adopted merely because a majority of the residents of that neighborhood prefer that proposal to a particular counterproposal.

answer: B 怎么得出来的？我对原文的辨证过程有里模糊。。

9. Complaints that milk bottlers take enormous markups on the bottled milk sold to consumers are most likely to arise when least warranted by the actual spread between the price that bottlers pay for raw milk and the price at which they sell bottled milk. The complaints occur when the bottled-milk price rises, yet these price increases most often merely reflect the rising price of the raw milk that bottlers buy from dairy farmers. When the raw-milk price is rising, the bottlers’ markups are actually smallest proportionate to the retail price. When the raw-milk price is falling, however, the markups are greatest.
If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?
(A) Consumers pay more for bottled milk when raw-milk prices are falling than when these prices are rising.
(B) Increases in dairy farmers’ cost of producing milk are generally not passed on to consumers.
(C) Milk bottlers take substantially greater markups on bottled milk when its price is low for an extended period than when it is high for an extended period.
(D) Milk bottlers generally do not respond to a decrease in raw-milk prices by straightaway proportionately lowering the price of the bottled milk they sell.
(E) Consumers tend to complain more about the price they pay for bottled milk when dairy farmers are earning their smallest profits.

Answer: D. how about C? 我认为C好象也对.

谢谢指点！

mindfree

1. 你是不是看错问题了? 问题是weaken. B是strengthen. 如果前后的death rate相同, 说明nuclear weapon plant并没有对death rate造成影响, 所以B加强了原文的逻辑.

C对, 因为原文从death rate相同-->pose no threat to health.将death rate和健康相等, 忽略了C中的情况.

2. 我认为答案是A. 其它选项如果成立, 应选择的方案就应该是rehabilitate, 和问题不符.

B. 如果一个方案在试过不成功后, 无法再试第二种方案,则要先试第二种方案.在此题中, 如果demolish, 房子就没了, 自然不能再试rehabilitate.所以是支持rehabilitate, 错.
C. 如果要government funding就不用, 除非funding已经有了, 也是支持rehabilitate, 错.
D. 反对demolishing, 错.
E. 反对demolishing, 错.

3. D对.

从原文你应该知道markup其实是不变的,或其变化相对cost的变化要小, 既然markup是在cost之上, 如果cost越高, 根据我前面所讲, markup相对cost的比例就越低. cost低, markup相对就越高. 所以D对, 既bottler没有成比例地调低价格, 即没有成比例地调低markup.

形象的举例, 如果最初cost是10, markup是2. 如果cost上涨至15, markup涨到2.5;如果cost下降至5, markup下降至1.5. 在此例中, markup的变化幅度相对cost的变化幅度要小, 所以和原文的现象一致. 当然如果markup始终不变也一样.

albert

谢谢mindfree..
1.呵呵。。不好意思。。我是看错题目了。。。
3。 markup这里是毛利的意思吗？ 我的词典是涨幅的意思。。所以我原文看得有点怪。。现在理解了
2。还是不理解。。。
你的意思是“应选择的方案就应该是demolish”
但是我看问题问的是：
Which one of the following principles, if established would determine that demolishing the houses was the right decision or instead would determine that the proposal advocated by the opponents of demolition should have been adopted?

也就是说不一定非要demolish或者rehabilitate,而是要找到一个原则能决定demolish好还是rehabilitate好就行了。。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-5-14 9:02:47编辑过]

albert

我对于题目3的理解：
题目问哪个原则可以确定：demolish是对的或者决定rehabilitate是对的。

(A)原则 When what to do about an abandoned neighborhood building is in dispute, the course of action that would result in the most housing for people who need it should be the one adopted unless the building is believed to pose a threat to neighborhood safety.
根据该原则，
房子对public构成了威胁只是the course action(rehabiltate) 不可接受的必要条件。但不是充分条件，所以无法确定rehabiltate是否ok

(B) When there are two proposals for solving a neighborhood problem, and only one of them would preclude the possibility of trying the other approach if the first proves unsatisfactory, then the approach that does not foreclose the other possibility should be the one adopted.
根据原则，保持房子是unsatifactory的，可以确定demolish是可接受的
选B

(C) If one of two proposals for renovating vacant neighborhood buildings requires government funding whereas the second does not, the second proposal should be the one adopted unless the necessary government funds have already been secured.
根据C原则，政府提供资金只是 不需要政府资金的方案(demolish)的不可行性的必要条件。。
同A一样，不是充分条件。。所以无法确定何钟方案优秀。
(D) No pain for eliminating a neighborhood problem that requires demolishing basically sound houses should be carried out until all other possible alternatives have been thoroughly investigated.
all other possible alternatives investigated是demolish成立的必要条件...
所以和A 一样。。无法确定
(E) No proposal for dealing with a threat to a neighborhood’s safety should be adopted merely because a majority of the residents of that neighborhood prefer that proposal to a particular counterproposal.
E的意思是仅仅因为大多数人喜欢某个意见并不是某个涉及安全的方案(demolish)成立的充分条件。所以也无法判断...

所以，本题考的是充分条件和必要条件。。。ACDE都是必要条件