【求助高手解释】两道狒狒 LSAT 逻辑

kevinli120

Questions 17-18

Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. On the basis of this evidence, Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct.

Anson: Then Dr. Ladlow is not responsible psychologist. Dr. Ladlow’s evidence does not conclusively prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.

18.   Anson bases his conclusion about Dr. Ladlow on which one of the following?

    (A) an attack on Dr. Ladlow’s character

(B) the application of a general principle

(C) the use of an ambiguous term

(D) the discrediting of facts（B）

(E) the rejection of a theoretical explanation

正确答案B，请问一下B选项什么意思啊，我选A，我认为意思是Anson认为这个博士不谦虚，所以是attack character。请问哪里理解出了问题？

Questions 23- 24

The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.

24.   If the statements on which the conclusion above is based are all true, each of the following could be true EXCEPT:

(A) People who lack a genetic susceptibility for the disease will not develop schizophrenia.

(B) Medications can control most of the symptoms of schizophrenia in most patients but will never be able to cure it.

    (C) The brains of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder.

(D) It will eventually be possible to determine whether or not someone will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone.（D）

(E) Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia are the result of childhood viral infections that inhibit the development of brain cells.

正确答案D。这题我觉得一个都不想选。囧...我认为问题中could be true EXCEPT的意思就是---【一定错的】D我看不出哪里推出一定错了，大家帮忙解释一下，谢谢

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/8/13 21:25:49编辑过]

hellomatt

第一题：

Anson提出了一个general principle： Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.（负责任的心理学家始终接受这样一种可能性，就是说可能会有新发现的事实证明他们的理论错误）

Anson应用了这一principle，认为负责的心理学家都接受自己理论可能被证伪的这种可能性，而Dr Ladlow则“claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct.”也就是没有为这种可能性留出空间，不承认他的理论可能被证伪，所以认为Ladlow不是一个负责任的心理学家。

选项A直接攻击ladlow的character，我认为是不合适的。

你或许认为Dr Ladlow“claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct.”说明了他的不谦虚，而不谦虚是不良的character，所以选A。不过我觉得，在Anson明确提出了“Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.”这个principle之后，B肯定远远优于A。

hellomatt

第二题：

D选项不可能是True的原因很明显：提干明确指出“schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.”，也就是说是由于后天损伤引起的，和先天基因没关系。所以就不能“determine whether or not someone will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone”（单纯基于基因信息确定某人是否会得schizophrenia）

双胞胎的例子说明：双胞胎，也就是说两人的脑子基因完全相同，如果其中一人得schizophrenia的话，他的脑子肯定和另一个twin不同了，证明schizophrenia肯定是由于那个人的脑子某部分后天受伤害改变造成的。

kevinli120

说得很清楚，感谢hellomatt同学

foxnake

刚好也是这两题不明白，谢谢多年前的大神

Bensontuo

hellomatt 发表于 2009-8-14 04:23
第二题：D选项不可能是True的原因很明显：提干明确指出“schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physic ...

討論一下, 基本你的解釋思路大抵上是對的, 然而...

no one said that the damage to the physical structure of the brain must be happened by the exterior forces.

這裡的alone的意思是, 你只用看基因資訊即可判別, 然而, 這裡必須要有兩者基因資訊中, 破壞的部分跟不被破壞的部分的兩者判別, 你才可以確立是否有精神分裂。