GWD-18-8和GWD-18-9的疑问

duyu197

两题乃GWD-TN24中文章重复出现过但题目不同的那篇里的。

The term “episodic memory” was introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity—the ability to recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in one’s own mind—as distinct from the capacity simply to use information acquired through past experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al. developed criteria to test for episodic memory in animals.  According to these criteria, episodic memories are not of individual bits of information; they involve multiple components of a single event “bound” together.  Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when” information and their binding of this information.  In the wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required jays to remember the type, location, and freshness of stored food based on a unique learning event.  Crickets were stored in one location and peanuts in another.  Jays prefer crickets, but crickets degrade more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched their preference from crickets to peanuts once the food had been stored for a certain length of time, showing that they retain information about the what, the where, and the when.  Such experiments cannot, however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information.  Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory.

 

GWD-18-Q8:

According to the passage, part of the evidence that scrub jays can bind information is that they

             

1. showed by their behavior that they were reexperiencing the past
2. used information acquired through past experiences
3. assessed the freshness of food that had been stored by other jays
4. remembered what kind of food was stored in a particular location

5. recollected single bits of information about sources of food

答案选D，我觉得挺有道理，但我做题时选了E，请NN告我下，E 为啥不对吗，多谢

9. GWD-18-Q9

It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Clayton would both agree that

             

A.      the food preferences of the scrub jays in Clayton’s experiment are difficult to explain

B.       the presence of episodic memory cannot be inferred solely on the basis of observable behavior

C.      Clayton’s experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memory

D.      Tulving substantially underestimated the ability of animals to bind different kinds of information

E.       Clayton’s experiment had certain fundamental design flaws that make it difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories

此题选B，但我选C，请NN解答，多谢

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/7/25 21:29:06编辑过]

duyu197

两题的历史讨论都查过，但都未有定论，请大家帮帮忙啊

斯咏

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