新东方逻辑补充section 8 11th

viviansecret

Section 8

11. A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?

(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or accidentally.

(B) In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated.

(C) Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children.

(D) The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults had assigned punishment in a similar experiment.

(E) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories.

这道题答案是A。为什么呢？请高人帮忙提取下逻辑解题思路

xfi883

原文大意：

因为——年龄小的儿童没有根据是否故意伤害来确定刑罚，

所以——年龄小的儿童不认为人们的主观故意与刑罚有关。

削弱“因为”即可。

A选项的意思是，年龄小的儿童对人类心理学的理解还不成熟。这就替代了原文中的“原因”。从而削弱了结论。

削弱类型题目，答案基本可以分为2种，一种是对前提的否定，另一种是对前提的替代。本题就用了后者。

viviansecret

哦，就是说，原文结论是小孩儿们不认为故意或者非故意与刑罚有关，有效的削弱就是说小孩儿们压根儿就区分不开故意与非故意。是这样吗？

xfi883

没错，一点就通。

viviansecret

嘿嘿，谢谢老大指点！

viviansecret

我刚看到下面这道题和上面这道题的逻辑有相似之处，补充在下面当作备注吧：）

Bank depositors in the United States are all financially

protected against bank failure because the government

insures all individuals' bank deposits. An economist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it removes from depositors any finan­cial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure. If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors' money.

 

7. The economist's argument makes which of the follow-

ing assumptions?

(A) Bank failures are caused when big borrowers

‍default on loan repayments.

(B) A significant proportion of depositors maintain

‍accounts at several different banks.

(C) The more a depositor has to deposit, the more

‍careful he or she tends to be in selecting a

‍bank.

(D) The difference in the interest rates paid to deposi-

‍tors by different banks is not a significant

‍factor in bank failures.

(E) Potential depositors are able to determine which

‍banks are secure against failure.

答案：E