[求助]急求GWD6-Q16，恳请NN们帮忙

joesnoopy

GWD6-Q16:

Historian:  Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus.  Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques.  It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false.  A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.

 

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

 

A.      The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.

B.       The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.

C.      The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

D.      The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.

E.       The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

这题我选的是B，但是答案是D，为什么呢？？？我实在是想不通~请NN们帮帮忙吧~

enrique1313

 it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. 

而the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques代表了传统观念，所以作者是为了反对传统观念而利用他作为论据！

joesnoopy

谢谢enrique1313，但是你的观点我不能同意哦~我的理解是这样的：

1.N发展了某个理论，L也发展了相似的理论，传统观点认为这两个理论是独立的。（这个传统观点正是作者反对的观点）

2.但最近的研究发现了L的笔记，这个笔记讨论了其中一本N写的该理论的书。

3.因为这本书（N写的书）包含了N的这个理论，而且因为这些笔记（L写的笔记）写于L的理论发表之前，所以传统的观点肯定是错的。

4.我们需要一个更为谨慎的结论。（但这个观点具体是什么，作者并没有直接正面给出）

5.因为L的笔记受限于N的书的早期章节，这些章节早于N的理论发表之前。

我当时错认为5就是4中的结论，不过后来细看时才发现，5是一个没有明显原因标志词引导的隐含原因。所以D的后半句我是认同的。

但D的前半句我理解其要表达的意思是：第一个黑体字提供了线索去支持作者否定的观点。但根据3可以很清楚的看到第一个黑体字是提供了线索反对传统观点，也就是支持作者想要肯定的观点啊~这个我就不明白了？是不是我理解错了呢？请NN们指正~

joesnoopy

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID=390021&page=1

找到一个这题的讨论，但是题号不同，粘个连接方便大家以后查阅。根据这个帖子中的讨论，我把以上思路整理了一下，其实这题很绕~

1.N发展了某个理论，L也发展了相似的理论，传统观点认为这两个理论是独立的。

2.但是（注意：这是第一个however转折），最近的研究发现了L的笔记，这个笔记讨论了其中一本N写的该理论的书。

3.因为这本书（N写的书）包含了N的这个理论，而且因为这些笔记（L写的笔记）写于L的理论发表之前，所以传统的观点肯定是错的。

4.但是（注意：这是第二个however转折），我们需要一个更为谨慎的结论。（两个转折相当于负负得正的效果，其实作者是支持传统观点的，但是认为传统观点不够严谨，这个在5中可以得到验证）（至于这个结论是什么，我认为作者并没有直接正面给出）

5.（因为）L的笔记受限于N的书的早期章节，这些章节早于N的理论发表之前。（尽管L收到了N早期章节的影响，但是由于这些章节写成之时，N的理论并没有成型，所以不能认为L的理论完全依赖于N的理论，但也不能认为L的理论完全独立于N的理论，这也说明了传统观点不严谨，只是部分正确，即作者部分支持传统观点）（我认为这个不是作者的结论，因为传统的观点谈论的是L和N的理论，而这里谈论的是L的笔记和N的某个章节，这些只是论据）

这题绕就绕在第二个however所表达的作者的态度，真的很少见到这种辩论了一圈，又反过来支持最早提出的传统的观点~GMAT真是有够难的~

houzhongxu

Historian:  Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus.  Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques.  It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false.  A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
            

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A.      The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.

B.       The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.

C.      The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

D.      The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.

E.       The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

扫了一眼全文，俩转折，第二个转折前面有conclusion，确定是结论

A前半句就错了，因为它在转折之前，犯了方向性错误，干掉

B同A

C好歹两部分方向性是正确的，留着

D同C

E没有两句的转折关系，干掉

又因为DE前半句很像，答案多半在DE里面

直接填D

Powellyao

ding

lian2008

以下是引用joesnoopy在2009/6/1 22:46:00的发言：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID=390021&page=1

找到一个这题的讨论，但是题号不同，粘个连接方便大家以后查阅。根据这个帖子中的讨论，我把以上思路整理了一下，其实这题很绕~

1.N发展了某个理论，L也发展了相似的理论，传统观点认为这两个理论是独立的。

2.但是（注意：这是第一个however转折），最近的研究发现了L的笔记，这个笔记讨论了其中一本N写的该理论的书。

3.因为这本书（N写的书）包含了N的这个理论，而且因为这些笔记（L写的笔记）写于L的理论发表之前，所以传统的观点肯定是错的。

4.但是（注意：这是第二个however转折），我们需要一个更为谨慎的结论。（两个转折相当于负负得正的效果，其实作者是支持传统观点的，但是认为传统观点不够严谨，这个在5中可以得到验证）（至于这个结论是什么，我认为作者并没有直接正面给出）

5.（因为）L的笔记受限于N的书的早期章节，这些章节早于N的理论发表之前。（尽管L收到了N早期章节的影响，但是由于这些章节写成之时，N的理论并没有成型，所以不能认为L的理论完全依赖于N的理论，但也不能认为L的理论完全独立于N的理论，这也说明了传统观点不严谨，只是部分正确，即作者部分支持传统观点）（我认为这个不是作者的结论，因为传统的观点谈论的是L和N的理论，而这里谈论的是L的笔记和N的某个章节，这些只是论据）

这题绕就绕在第二个however所表达的作者的态度，真的很少见到这种辩论了一圈，又反过来支持最早提出的传统的观点~GMAT真是有够难的~

嗯，终于明白了~

hughlv

BF真是我的克星啊，错误率60%以上。感觉自己无法拉开选项之间的差异。。。

mars0624

够难的。

mandylee116

绕~啊~绕~啊~绕~~~~