OG11-53 (Purple)

melissa_gao

53．There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures-up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand people among different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies，prostatectomies，and tonsillectomies.

To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures，it would be most important to establish which of the following?

(A)  A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary．

(B)  The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves)that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered．

(C) There are several categories of surgical procedure(other than hysterectomies，prostatectomies，and tonsillectomies)that are often performed unnecessarily．

(D)  For certain surgical procedures，it is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded·

(E) With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies, prostatectomies，and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general．

Argument Construction

Situation The frequency of certain surgical procedures, e. g., hysteredctomies, prostatedctomies, and tonsillectomies, varies dramatically by geographical region. It may be possible to conclude that the disparity is to a large extent the result of the performance of unnecessary surgeries.

Reasoning What additional information must be true for this conclusion to hold? Is it possible that different factors in different regions might reasonably account for the variation? Diseases or medical conditions for which these surgical procedures are appropriate might be more common in one geographical area than another．If the possibility of such geographical variations in the incidence of pertinent me(1ical conditions is ruled out，it is fair to conclude that the variation Can be attributed to unnecessary surgical procedures．

A  This statement undermines such a conclusion since it cites a process in place for Preventing or reducing unnecessary procedures．

B  Correct．This statement properly identifies additional information that eliminates the possibility that the geographical variation is due to legitimate factors.

C  The argument is concerned only with hysterectomies，prostatectomies，and tonsillectomies；other surgical procedures are irrelevant．

D   The difficulty in determining whether or not surgery is necessary makes any conclusion ambiguous so this statement will not lead to the intended conclusion．

E  The argument involves only the three kinds of surgery cited in the passage，so this statement is irrelevant to the conclusion．

The correct answer is B．

我怎么觉得这个的C的解释不对呢？？ 题目中的in the numbers of ***是啥意思呢？ thanks

咸鱼_4

对此题有同样困惑

lizhen5231747

我想问一下D为什么不对啊

kevin0214

the numbers of ***意思是***的数字，题中就是这三种手术的发生的次数，In应该理解成关于。
题目的意思就是说：手术的频率有很多地理性的差异。——在hysterectomies，prostatectomies，and tonsillectomies这三种手术的的每百万人口数字上地区差异可以达到十倍。想要支持“大多数这这种差异来源于没有必要的手术程序”
B是对的，这种差异跟造成的疾病的因素无关。造成疾病的因素没有这种地理差异，手术却有这种地理差异，说明很可能是手术程序造成的。排除他因，增强了原论证。
C是无关的，Situation ：The frequency of certain surgical procedures, e. g., hysteredctomies, prostatedctomies, and tonsillectomies, varies dramatically by geographical region。这里考虑的是一些特定的手术，就算不只这三种，但C提出的several categories of surgical procedure是不是unnecessarily根本没关系。就像一个人说：现在有很多人，比如那谁和那谁谁，都很胖，肯定是因为吃多了垃圾食品啊。专家说（深沉地）：嗯，现在好多人都爱吃垃圾食品。你还是没法知道到底胖是不是因为吃垃圾食品造成的，所以专家说的是废话。
D没法支持原结论，甚至有点削弱。因为如果没法确定手术到底是不是必要的，你怎么能说手术的频率高是因为不必要的手术呢，你都分不清什么是必要什么是不必要啊。

M猫Fishoo

楼上解释的好, 我也是不明白C, 只说了很多手术都是不必要, 但还是不知道着三个是不是不必要