电器产品未能把妇女从家庭杂役中解放出来The idea that equipping homes 以前观点：家电让妇女脱离杂 with electrical appliances and other 役，节约劳动时间。 “modern” household technologies Line would eliminate drudgery, save labor (5) time, and increase leisure for women who were full-time home workers remained largely unchallenged until 但1970’s的妇女运动导致一项 the women’s movement of the 1970’s 研究，发现电器让某些差事不 spawned the groundbreaking and 那么费劲，但并不能减少全职 (10) influential works of sociologist Joann 家庭成员的工作时间。 Vanek and historian Ruth Cowan. Vanek analyzed 40 years of time- use surveys conducted by home economists to argue that electrical (15) appliances and other modern house- hold technologies reduced the effort required to perform specific tasks, but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time spent on (20) housework by full-time home workers. In fact, time spent by these workers remained remarkably constant―at （数据支持） about 52 to 54 hours per week―from the 1920’s to the 1960’s, a period (25) of significant change in household technology. In surveying two centuries of household technology in the United States, Cowan argued that the “industrialization” of the home (30) often resulted in more work for full-time home workers because the use of such devices as coal stoves, water pumps, and vacuum cleaners tended to reduce the workload of married- (35) women’s helpers (husbands, sons, daughters, and servants) while 电器反而更使家务活的标准更 promoting a more rigorous standard 严格。 of housework. The full-time home 全职家务转而包含更多管理，儿 worker’s duties also shifted to include 童照顾，二战后更出现“妈妈的 (40) more household management, child 士“的现象。 care, and the post-Second World War phenomenon of being “Mom’s taxi.” 大意就是说家用电器的使用没有减少家庭妇女的劳动时间 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q3: According to the passage, which of the following is true about the idea mentioned in line 1? - It has been undermined by data found in time-use surveys conducted by home economists.
- It was based on a definition of housework that was explicitly rejected by Vanek and Cowan.
- It is more valid for the time period studied by Cowan than for the time period studied by Vanek.
- It is based on an underestimation of the time that married women spent on housework prior to the industrialization of the household.
- It inaccurately suggested that new household technologies would reduce the effort required to perform housework.
40 years of time-use surveys conducted by home
economists to argue that electrical
appliances and other modern house-hold technologies reduced the effort
required to perform specific tasks,
but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time spent on
housework by full-time home workers. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q4: The passage is primarily concerned with - analyzing a debate between two scholars
- challenging the evidence on which a new theory is based
- describing how certain scholars’ work countered a prevailing view
- presenting the research used to support a traditional theory
- evaluating the methodology used to study a particular issue
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q5: Which of the following best describes the function of the sentence in lines 21-26 (“In fact, time … in household technology”)? - It offers an alternative interpretation of a phenomenon described in the previous sentence (lines 12-20).
- It provides the specific evidence on which an argument described in the previous sentence (lines 12-20) is based.
- It shifts the focus of the argument developed earlier in the passage.
- It introduces evidence that has not been taken into account by Vanek and Cowan.
- It introduces a topic for discussion that will be developed in the rest of the passage.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- QX: The passage suggests that Vanek and Cowan would agree that modernizing household technology did not
- reduce the workload of servants and other household helpers
- raise the standard of housework that women who were full-time home workers set for themselves
- decrease the effort required to perform household tasks
- reduce the time spent on housework by women who were full-time home workers
- result in a savings of money used for household maintenance
LZ遇到的是这个阅读吗,题目一样吗?
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