GWD8-9 政治结构

poppyxams

    

GWD 8- 9

全文如下。我不太懂美国政权结构，上网查了一下还是不太明白。所以下面文章里面的内容看得挺晕，到底是谁和谁在斗争？特别是黄色部分，senate不是HOUSE的两部分之一吗？为什么我看文章的意思是它们是分开的，或者至少house>senate啊？没看明白其中起承转合是怎么回事。

请牛人帮忙讲讲。谢谢！

      In its 1903 decision in the case

    

       of
Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United

    

       States
Supreme Court rejected the

    

Line       efforts of three Native American tribes

    

  (5)      to prevent the opening of tribal lands

    

to non-Indian
settlement without tribal

    

consent.  In his study of the Lone

    

Wolf case, Blue Clark properly

    

emphasizes the
Court’s assertion

    

 (10)      of a virtually unlimited unilateral power

    

of Congress (the
House of Represen-

    

tatives and the
Senate) over Native

    

American
affairs.  But he fails to note

    

the decision’s
more far-reaching

    

 (15)      impact: 
shortly after Lone Wolf, the

    

federal
government totally abandoned

    

negotiation and
execution of formal

    

written
agreements with Indian tribes

    

as a
prerequisite for the implemen-

    

 (20)      tation of federal Indian policy.  Many

    

commentators
believe that this change

    

had already
occurred in 1871 when—

    

following a
dispute between the

    

       House
and the Senate over which

    

 (25)      chamber should enjoy primacy in

    

Indian
affairs—Congress abolished

    

the making of
treaties with Native

    

American
tribes.  But in reality the

    

federal
government continued to nego-

    

 (30)      tiate formal tribal agreements past

    

the turn of the
century, treating these

    

documents not as
treaties with sover-

    

       eign
nations requiring ratification by the

    

Senate but simply
as legislation to be

    

 (35)      passed by both houses of Congress.

    

       The
Lone Wolf decision ended this

    

era of formal
negotiation and finally

    

did away with
what had increasingly

    

become the empty
formality of obtain-

    

ing tribal
consent.