现在分词整理(完)

天蝎座1107

以下是引用ricee在2008-5-31 1:10:00的发言：

OG11有一题，很突兀的，我的理解是分词这里是修饰前面的名词。分词的确是比较多考又相对变化多端的一个点，一起讨论吧：

哦，还是我理解错你的意思了呢，MM还是说是不能修饰句子的主语？

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

(A) a method to protect我也有查Longman 只有method of doing和method for doing 没有a method to do

(B) as a method protecting

(C) protecting

(D) as a protection of

(E) to protect

Logical predication + rhetorical construction

The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment.

A     A method to protect is an awkward reference to items

B      The singular a method should not refer to the plural items, as a method protecting is not idiomatic

C     Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items.

D     Beginning the phrase with as is incorrect; using the noun form protection creates wordiness

E      The infinitive to protect cannot act as an adjective modifying items; the participial form of the verb, protecting, is required

The correct answer is C.

zhuminmin

没办法1987

有个问题，看og11-101

El Nino, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east.

(A) a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated

(B)  a phenomenon where changes in the ocean and atmosphere are combining to allow the warm water that is accumulating                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

(C)  a phenomenon in which ocean and atmosphere changes combine and which allows the warm water that is accumulated                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

(D)  is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

(E)  is a phenomenon where ocean and atmosphere changes are combining and allow the warm water accumulating

og11给的答案说明中有这样一句话：If the participial phrase were to modify the previous clause, a comma would have to be inserted between combine and allowing.

是不是就是说，如果分词短语想要修饰前面的句子，中间必须要有逗号？？

但是这个不应该啊，og98：

As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest about the middle of the twelfth century, most of the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less limited.

(A)  whose access to water was less limited

(B)  where there was access to water that was less limited     

(C)  where they had less limited water access

(D)  with less limitations on water access

(E)  having less limitations to water access

解释E：

E     As a countable quantity, limitations should be modified by fewer, not less; having is ambiguous because it is unclear whether it refers to the Anasazi or other clans

这里having前面没有“，”但是他却说有歧义？！！

这是怎么一回事情？？？？？

As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest about the middle of the twelfth century, most of the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less limited.

(A)  whose access to water was less limited

(B)  where there was access to water that was less limited     

(C)  where they had less limited water access

(D)  with less limitations on water access

(E)  having less limitations to water access

解释E：

E     As a countable quantity, limitations should be modified by fewer, not less; having is ambiguous because it is unclear whether it refers to the Anasazi or other clans

这里having前面没有“，”但是他却说有歧义？！！

这是怎么一回事情？？？？？

gpxb0626

感谢分享

gsj677

bump

momochinn

谢谢楼主~~

慢半拍

楼主，现在分词和过去分词也可以平行？不知楼主还上不上CD了。。。我个og12上的解释啊看不懂的，是og12上的42题么

alicezyk

顶一个先

alicezyk

再谢，分析得非常好，受益匪浅！

按照你的分析，我觉得做定语更合理，于是查了一下薄冰的语法，发现其中有一个分词/短语做非限定性定语的例子：He was a great realist, writing ordinary men and women in their misfortunes. 与我们OG10-39/OG11-104的句子结构几乎一样，这就印证了你的第二种分析。

这样你的分析就可以帮我们理解四种常见情况了，现引用如下，请确认/指正：

songlovegt：可以看出be动词和一般动词其后接现在分词确实有区别。
           

(1) 主句（其中一般动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词可能做定语修饰其紧跟名词，也可能做状语修饰主句，此时须考虑现在分词修饰逻辑问题。（无逗号）

(2) 主句（其中是be动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词只能做定语修饰其紧跟名词。（无逗号）

(3) 主句（其中一般动词谓语), + doing 分词做状语。（有逗号）

(4) 主句（其中是be动词谓语) ，+ doing 分词，分词做非限定性定语。（有逗号）

其中第一种情况最为复杂，希望能找到合适的例子多多体会

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-10 13:52:52编辑过]

-- by 会员 Mayanist (2009/2/10 13:26:00)

有大神来分析分析这四种情况里的逻辑主语吗？？

alicezyk

(3) 主句（其中一般动词谓语), + doing 分词做状语。（有逗号） 这种实际上在OG 13 里面29 题
虽然也是符合这种情况，OG却是评价说it is unclear what outnumbering refers to....

不懂了。。。求指点。逻辑主语的问题~~~~ （虽然动词是 were written 实际上也是一般动词谓语 而不是be 动词谓语吧。。）