现在分词整理(完)

ad264

which不管前面有沒有打逗號，我记得都是描述相关非重要讯息，地位都是低於that子句。看有没有人可以确认这一点。

dingxiang

是这样说的, OG里面明确的, 有好几处一定要用that 限定性定从, 而非逗号+which 非限定性定从的例子

比如:

OG11-7,49,103,107等等

ad264

谢谢你提供的题号，让我确认which前面打不打逗号，对句子的意义都是低於that子句。

dingxiang

不客气, 希望和MM讨论其他问题

Mayanist

以下是引用Colx在2008-5-31 14:03:00的发言：

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears

我一直有个疑问，难道protecting就不能直接修饰前面的名词equipment吗？没有歧义吗？

能不能认为protecting修饰主语 animal-hide shields ，这样不就没有歧义了

同样，104，merging到底修是谁？按照24地解释，似乎是修饰 the force

N1  be  N2 of N3, Ving 如何判断Ving的修饰关系，在逻辑判断上有没有什么优先顺序呢？还是肯定修饰N2?

我认为这个帖子有很多有意义的讨论，所以想顶上来。

下面是我对两个相关题的看法，不对之处请大家指正：

下面两题中的分词结构都做状语：protecting做方式状语，解释怎么样were essential；emerging做方式状语，进一步解释怎么样成为一个force

OG10-39.  For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

(C)   protecting

OG11-104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,

(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,

(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-10 13:42:18编辑过]

Mayanist

以下是引用ad264在2008-6-10 15:10:00的发言：
which不管前面有沒有打逗號，我记得都是描述相关非重要讯息，地位都是低於that子句。看有没有人可以确认这一点。

GMAT中只用两种情况: that 前没有逗号的限定性定语从句和which前有逗号的非限定性定语从句

Mayanist

以下是引用dingxiang在2008-6-10 15:17:00的发言：

是这样说的, OG里面明确的, 有好几处一定要用that 限定性定从, 而非逗号+which 非限定性定从的例子

比如:

OG11-7,49,103,107等等

关键是这些“非逗号+which 非限定性定从的例子”都是在错误选项，而且刚好OG11-7的解说中明确说明了that / which 在引导定语从句中的区别。

songlovegt

以下是关于og11-98的讨论 http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=2528963&id=152516&page=1&skin=0&Star=1

98. As rainfall began to decrease in
the Southwest t the middle of the twelfth century, most of monument
Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less limited.

    

(A)         whose access to water was less limited

    

(B)         where there was access to water that was less limited

    

(C)         where they had less limited water access

    

(D)        with less limitations on water access

    

(E)          having less limitations to water access

    

    

    选A？

引用neverblue203的精彩回帖

看了前辈们的讨论,我的总结如下.希望指教---特别受44楼启发和其他几位提点,感谢啊.

having 的歧义在于有可能做定语修饰clans，也有可能做状语修饰Anasazi,表示对于abandon的伴随。

也就是说,如果doing前面没有逗号的情况下,可能做壮语,也可能做定语.而不是一定做定语.从逻辑意思上看.having 可以做修饰anasazi做伴随壮语,也可以修饰clans做定语.----有岐义

所以总结如下:

有逗号,doing-----一般情况下,就是做伴随壮语.

没有逗号doing-----定语or伴随壮语.

如:39

39.    Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending
                for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.

Extending/spawned做定语修饰--- an interwoven filigree

为什么它不是状语---因为它没有动作.

91.  The Senate approved immigration legislation that would grant permanent residency to millions of aliens currently residing here and penalize employers who hire illegal aliens.

Residing修饰alien,做定语成分.

为什么它不是壮语呢?----从逻辑意思上,senate residing吗?不合理,还是senate的行为伴随着residing.都不合理.--à它不可能做壮语.

98. most of the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans having less limitations to water access

having 的歧义在于有可能做定语修饰clans，也有可能做状语修饰Anasazi,表示对于abandon的伴随。

注意:doing没有逗号的时候,要特别小心.

Sb do sth (to do )---介宾结构中,还有noun./ sb do sb(有主语和宾语时)---宾语后面紧接doing时,那这个doing可以修饰宾语,如果从逻辑意思上,看是否可以修饰句子,做伴随壮语or目的壮语.----如果可以就会产生岐义---如本题目的E选项.

可以看出be动词和一般动词其后接现在分词确实有区别。

主句, + doing 分词做状语。（有逗号）

主句（其中，be动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词只能做定语修饰其紧跟名词。（无逗号）

主句（其中一般动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词可能做定语修饰其紧跟名词，也可能做状语修饰主句，此时须考虑现在分词修饰逻辑问题。（无逗号）

    

            

    

Mayanist

好贴，谢谢！想请教下面两个句子的分词短语怎么理解，它们前面都有逗号，主句谓语都是be动词：

OG10-39.  For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, (C)   protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
       

OG11-104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, (C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
          

OG10-39.  For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, (C)   protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
       

OG11-104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, (C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
          

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-10 13:54:59编辑过]

songlovegt

客气，一起讨论吧。其实我也在研究现在分词的修饰问题。深受以前精彩讨论的启发，做一小节，定有不当之处，多指教。
你这两个例子很好，我觉得这里两个现在分词既可以作定语修饰主语，也可以理解成作状语，作用是对主句进行解释。

先说作状语的可能性，分词引导的句子具体解释了主句的内容。
animal-hide shields  were essential items of military equipment,    protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
    
Nuclear fusion is the force, merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

再说作定语的可能性，分词修饰主语。
句子可理解为
animal-hide shields
                                with wooden frames，  protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears ，were essential items of military equipment。

    Nuclear fusion, merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do，is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,

是不是有这种可能性，主句中谓语为be动词，其后紧跟现代分词修饰并有逗号间隔，可以作为定语跳跃修饰主语，而非修饰其紧跟名词。
区别于以下这种情况。
主句（其中，be动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词只能做定语修饰其紧跟名词。（无逗号）

如:39

39.    Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending
                for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.

Extending/spawned做定语修饰--- an interwoven filigree

open to discuss