现在分词整理(完)

dingxiang

以下是引用ad264在2008-6-3 13:41:00的发言：
GWD-10-Q20
In the mid-1970's, since birds were overcome
    by
    pollution, and routinely falling from
    the
    sky
    above
    Los Angeles freeways, this prompted officials in California to devise a plan that reduced automobile emissions.

A. since birds were overcome
   by
   pollution, and routinely falling from
   the
   sky
   above
   Los Angeles freeways, this prompted officials in California to devise a plan that reduced

B. since birds that had been overcome
   by
   pollution were routinely falling from
   the
   sky
   above
   Los Angeles freeways, it prompted officials in California to devise a plan that would reduce

C. birds had been overcome
   by
   pollution and routinely
   fell
   from
   the
   sky
   above
   Los Angeles freeways, prompting officials in California to devise a plan that reduced

D.
   birds
   overcome
   by
   pollution
   routinely
   fell
   from
   the
   sky
   above
   Los Angeles freeways, prompting officials in California to devise a plan to reduce

E. birds
   overcome
   by
   pollution and routinely falling from
   the
   sky
   above
   Los Angeles freeways were prompting officials in California to devise a plan to reduce

Ans: D

选项E的错误让我对分词表结果有不同的认识，分词结构的「主词与动词」要一起判断，不可缺一

? MM是什么意思? 什么叫分词结构的主语与谓语要一起判断?

E里面的分词是 overcome和 falling , 但我觉得它们修饰bird 没错亚, 倒是后面的谓语动词, 成了现在进行时, 时态错误

而且 主语bird 与谓语prompt并没有逻辑关系, 不是bird本身prompt而是bird掉的这个现象prompt, 所以必须是前面说个现象,后面用分词指出现象的结果,影响

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-6-5 11:59:11编辑过]

ad264

其实你说的没错！有几题是主词对、被修饰的动词错，而这一题是主词对，被修饰的动词错，所以在考虑分词构句时，要将前句的主词跟被修饰的动词一起判断。抱歉，可能我表达不好。

選項E: birds overcome by
pollution and routinely falling from the sky above Los
Angeles freeways were prompting officials in California to devise a plan to reduce.

外国人念此句，只会读到birds were prompting，中间的overcome ...and falling...修饰birds，就如你讲的birds不会prompting而是falling才会。

选项D: In the mid-1970’s, birds overcome by pollution routinely fell from the sky above Los
Angeles freeways,
            prompting officials in California to devise a plan to reduce automobile
emissions.

主词birds + 动词fell from，分词prompting修饰动词fell from，读起来是birds + fell from造成prompt...

换句话中，在考虑使用分词构句(particular phrase)要同时前句考虑主词以及动词，缺一不可。

昨天做到一题分词题目也很有意思

GWD-24-Q38

In January 1994 an
    oil
    barge
    ran
    aground
    off
    the coast of San
Juan, Puerto Rico, leaking its cargo of 750000 gallons into the
ocean, while causing the pollution of
    the city's beaches.
A. leaking its cargo of 750000 gallons into the ocean, while causing the pollution of
B. with its cargo of 750000 gallons leaking into the ocean, and it polluted
C. and its cargo of 750000 gallons leaked into the ocean, polluting
D. while it leaked its cargo of 750000 gallons into the ocean and caused the pollution
of
E. so that its cargo of 750000 gallons leaked into the ocean, and they were polluting.

ANS:  C          (反白，不过好像没用，答案还是看得见)

sharon213

现在分词修饰的问题的确很复杂,OG上很多题目都感觉前后相矛盾的如：OG11中： 71B 79E 93A 98E 102B 104的解释都无法总结出什么法则来。。。看了很多前人的讨论，都弄不明白，会关注lzMM的这个帖子,期待~~

dingxiang

请大家讨论下这道题目为什么OG用定从,而非分词?

黄皮

40. The plot of The Bostonians centers on the rivalry
                between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, with
                her charminq and cynical cousin, Basil Ransom, when they find themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose talent for public speaking has won her an ardent following.

(A) rivalry between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, with her charming and cynical cousin, Basil Ransom

(B)   rivals Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, against her charming and cynical cousin, Basil Ransom

(C) rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, and Basil Ransom, her charming and cynical cousin

(D) developing rivalry between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, with Basil Ransom, her charming and cynical cousin

(E)   active feminist, Olive Chancellor, and the rivalry with her charming and cynical cousin Basil Ransom

C里面, rivalry that develops 可以换作 rivalry developing么?

问题有点钻牛角尖, 但烦请大家不吝指教

dingxiang

再来一个

黄皮

98. As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest about the middle of the twelfth century, most of the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less limited.

(A)         whose access to water was less limited

(B)         where there was access to water that was less limited      

(C)        where they had less limited water access

(D)        with less limitations on water access

(E)         having less limitations to water access

OG说E :  having is ambiguous because it is unclear whether it refers to the Anasazi or other clans

为啥这么说呢?分词作定语的指代不是其紧接的成分么?

ad264

    

此题是考同位语，that子句在OG的定义是critical information, 分词是relevant但不critical information。所以应最好不要改分词。

The plot
of The Bostonians centers on the
rivalry that develops between
            Olive
Chancellor, an active feminist, and
            Basil Ransom, her
charming and cynical cousin, when they find themselves drawn to the same
radiant young woman whose talent for public speaking has won her an ardent
following.

另一题，having让我想到那题国王离婚的so as to，不过我也不太清楚为何不能用having如果此选项没有其他的错误的话。

dingxiang

以下是引用ad264在2008-6-10 12:00:00的发言：

 

此题是考同位语，that子句在OG的定义是critical information, 分词是relevant但不critical information。所以应最好不要改分词。

为何呢? 怎么判断定从和分词是否critical?

ad264

由于分词属于修饰语，补充性质(extension of the main clause)，所以省略掉不看，对句意不会有影响。通常需由未画线的地方观看，未画线处有when they，这个they如果没有前句提供讯息，是无法得知。

欢迎讨论！

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-6-10 14:02:29编辑过]

ad264

或許這是考that子句跟which等引导的子句差异。而分词可由 which子句改写。

“That” introduces a
restrictive clause. “That” is
used to introduce “essential” modifiers. A modifier introduced by the word that is essential
to the meaning of the sentence.

“Which” is used to introduce “non-essential”
        modifiers. A
modifier introduce by the word which can be removed from the sentence without
the sentence losing any essential meaning.

dingxiang

有点道理哦

也就是常说的分词代表非限定性的定从