现在分词整理(完)

Colx

以下是引用ricee在2008-5-31 19:39:00的发言：

再来一个OG的例子：

In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, so that it absorbs the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.

(A) act as a buffer, so that it absorbs

(B) act like a buffer so as to absorb

(C) act as a buffer, absorbing

(D) acting as a buffer, absorbing（C）

(E) acting like a buffer, absorb

OG的解释是“The last part of the sentence describes the breakwater and should consist of two grammatically parallel phrases, absorbing ... and protecting, in order to show two equal functions. ”，不过这个应该是分词作状语，修饰实义动词act更为恰当，虽然也同样和24题是作为function。

24题感觉怪怪的，这道题很清楚，作结果状语，应该是修饰的是整个句子

请指正

ad264

我整理时漏了这一题，谢谢你提醒。

考题原意sth would rise and act like as ...so that it absorbs...
这个是想要表达breakwater可以吸收....

这一题是平衡四个动词 (这一点是台湾的莫伯伯教的)

另外吸收...waves和....保护...beach都是防波堤的功能。
buffer本身是一个缓冲机制，如果指单独探讨buffer拿掉防波堤，他是跟海浪沙滩无关的。

中文来说就是防波堤像buffer可以吸收....保护...
重点还是落在防波堤
    

In a
plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers
proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet
above the waterline and act as a buffer,
            absorbing the energy of crashing waves and
protecting the beaches.

欢迎讨论！

dingxiang

以下是引用ad264在2008-5-31 0:17:00的发言：

請問你所謂的：

分詞與不定式取捨

分詞與謂語動詞的取捨

可否告知考題一下，謝謝！

分詞與不定式取捨:

OG11-49:

 Many house builders offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later.

(A)           programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing and to apply

(B)            programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing and to apply

(C)            programs; that enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing, to apply

(D)           programs, which enables a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down
    payment to move into new housing, applying

(E)            programs, which enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to be able to move into new housing, applying

不能将apply变为分词, 如D,E ,分词 做状语修饰谓语, 逻辑意思错误

OG 11-88:

88. The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts fears among some officials that safety is being compromised.

(A)            to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts

(B)           leading to 55 percent more delay at airports and prompting .

(C)           to lead to a 55 percent increase in delay at airports and prompt

(D)           to lead to an increase of 55 percent in delays at airports, and prompted

(E)           leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airports and prompting

C 的错误: 两个动词lead  prompt

 不是谓语的目的, 如果是目的, 那么可以用不定式

 不是谓语的目的, 如果是目的, 那么可以用不定式

 不是谓语的目的, 如果是目的, 那么可以用不定式

OG-11-93:

93. By a vote of 9 to 0, the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identities of its sources of intelligence information.

(A)        enabling it to withhold from the public

(B)         for it to withhold from the public

(C)        for withholding disclosure to the public of

(D)        that enable them to withhold from public disclosure

(E)         that they can withhold public disclosure of

此处用分词, 来修饰diescretionary powers, 虽然选项中没有出现从句, 但即使出现定从修饰powers , 我认为此处还是应该用分词为好, 因为分词表示的是持续的现在的动作, 而从句多用于已经完成的一次性的动作
另外更不能用不定式, 如B, 因为一用不定式, 成了谓语的目的状语, withhold的主语成了句子的主语court, 违背了原句的意思

另外此处用分词似乎还与是法令有关

此处的迷惑项是for 引导的状语,
 the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers  for it to withhold from the public
体会一下句子的意思, for 在此处成了谓语award的状语, 目的状语 , 也就是说for 后面的内容实际是主语来做的, 是主语的目的了, 违背了原句的意思; 另外it指代主语 court

以上是我自己的总结的笔记,请大家指正

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-31 20:42:07编辑过]

dingxiang

另外分词与谓语动词的取舍, 我得再找找, 主要就是要从逻辑意思来考虑到底是用哪个形式, 但有的时候真是难以判断, 就比如下面这道迷惑性爆强的OG11-104:

104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the
            nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as
            in nuclear reactors.

(A)         merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors

(B)         merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors

(C)        merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

(D)        and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in nudear reactors  

(E)         and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

这道题目很难用逻辑意思来判断到底用谓语动词,还是分词,也就是C和E的区别

OG11 从语法上排除了E. 这也提醒了我们一种思路: 逻辑上走不通, 看看语法上是否可以 

ricee

以下是引用dingxiang在2008-5-31 20:47:00的发言：

另外分词与谓语动词的取舍, 我得再找找, 主要就是要从逻辑意思来考虑到底是用哪个形式, 但有的时候真是难以判断, 就比如下面这道迷惑性爆强的OG11-104:

104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the
   nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as
   in nuclear reactors.

(A)         merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors

(B)         merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors

(C)        merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

(D)        and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in nudear reactors  

(E)         and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

这道题目很难用逻辑意思来判断到底用谓语动词,还是分词,也就是C和E的区别

OG11 从语法上排除了E. 这也提醒了我们一种思路: 逻辑上走不通, 看看语法上是否可以 

这题的确是逻辑上挺难分辨，至少在考试那么短的时间内有难度。不过用语法还是很好排除的，因为前面有个逗号没有划线划进去，“句子，and+v.”的形式错误一眼就看出来了。这样想出考题的人还是挺仁慈的，呵呵。

ricee

OG-11-93:

93. By a vote of 9 to 0, the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identities of its sources of intelligence information.

(A)        enabling it to withhold from the public

(B)         for it to withhold from the public

(C)        for withholding disclosure to the public of

(D)        that enable them to withhold from public disclosure

(E)         that they can withhold public disclosure of

此处用分词, 来修饰diescretionary powers, 虽然选项中没有出现从句, 但即使出现定从修饰powers , 我认为此处还是应该用分词为好, 因为分词表示的是持续的现在的动作, 而从句多用于已经完成的一次性的动作
另外更不能用不定式, 如B, 因为一用不定式, 成了谓语的目的状语, withhold的主语成了句子的主语court, 违背了原句的意思

另外此处用分词似乎还与是法令有关

此处的迷惑项是for 引导的状语,
 the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers  for it to withhold from the public
体会一下句子的意思, for 在此处成了谓语award的状语, 目的状语 , 也就是说for 后面的内容实际是主语来做的, 是主语的目的了, 违背了原句的意思; 另外it指代主语 court

以上是我自己的总结的笔记,请大家指正

我怎么觉得这里B的it是有指代歧义的呢？前面supreme court和CIA一个主语一个宾语，没有哪一个是有优先指代的。for it夹在宾语和不定式之间就象一个夹心饼干，不知道要往哪个方向去。其次，我也同意LS说的，不定式表目的，便把宾语发出的动作变成了主语的目的了，而前面又是一个不知方向的for it，OG说for it to是unidiomatic，可能也就是这层意思吧。

其实，withhold与powers最恰当的逻辑关系应该是“power使得CIA能够发出这个动作”，所以用表示的目的不定式不如用分词作定语修饰powers来得清晰。而enabling方向很清楚，是powers enable, 其宾语it指代CIA，更加清晰。

open to discussion!

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-31 23:26:18编辑过]

ricee

以下是引用Colx在2008-5-31 20:20:00的发言：

24题感觉怪怪的，这道题很清楚，作结果状语，应该是修饰的是整个句子

请指正

 的确，这里应该是xxx rise....act as...的结果是absorbing.... protecting！

ricee

再来一个PREP的例子，是JJ版里看到的，也可以看作分词VS谓语动词的例子：

96.   (29707-!-item-!-188;#058&003977)

In some species of cricket, the number of chirps per minute used by the male for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve as an approximate thermometer.

(A) for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve

(B) for attracting females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, which can in fact serve

(C) in attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving

(D) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and it can in fact serve

(E) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving

答案是D，有考友认为E是现在分词有歧义修饰前面的temperature的可能，定状歧义。大家有什么看法呢？

连接：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=22&ID=326549&page=1

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-6-1 8:52:37编辑过]

dingxiang

是个好例子!

我的第一反应也是句末的该是个分词,来修饰前面的句子,表结果

不过仔细想想, 应该可以用逻辑意思来解题: 搞清楚这里到底是哪个东东serve,  再看serve后面的介宾, 是approximate thermometer, 显然这里serve的主语肯定是个东西, 是名词, 也就是number

我的2 cents, 不知道大家同意否, open to discuss.

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-6-1 12:08:20编辑过]

Colx

1.如果作定语，从逻辑含义上可以排出serving修饰temperature

2.如果做壮语，无论是表伴随，还是表结果，都不合逻辑

3.D中用it指代主语the number of chirps per minute 逻辑表达清晰，而且原文给了强烈的暗示

4.原文的情态动词不能随意改变(XDF),can似乎要更好一些

答案真的是比较出来的，而且逻辑至上

请指正