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没有表明出处，望各位JJ原始提供者见谅~~~~~（呜呜，我顺手整理的，没想到有发表的一天……） 先上原题 答案都是GWD原题的答案，考试时题目有改动的都附上了原JJ提供者的说明，没有说明的就是考的原题咯~~：） GWD-21-Q30 Ｃ
In the past, most children who went sledding in the winter snow in Verland used wooden sleds with runners and steering bars. Ten years ago, smooth plastic sleds became popular; they go faster than wooden sleds but are harder to steer and slow. The concern that plastic sleds are more dangerous is clearly borne out by the fact that the number of children injured while sledding was much higher last winter than it was ten years ago.
Which of the following, if true in Verland, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence cited?
A. A few children still use traditional wooden sleds.
B. Very few children wear any kind of protective gear, such as helmets, while sledding.
C. Plastic sleds can be used in a much wider variety of snow conditions than wooden sleds can.
D. Most sledding injuries occur when a sled collides with a tree, a rock, or another sled.
E. Because the traditional wooden sled can carry more than one rider, an accident involving a wooden sled can result in several children being injured.
GWD-30-Q40 Ａ
Investment banks often have conflicting roles. They sometimes act for a client company by raising capital from other investment institutions as advantageously as possible, but their analysts also sometimes send unfavorable reports on the financial health of companies for whom they are raising capital to other clients who wish to make investments. Analyses of companies’ financial health need to be unbiased if an investment bank is to achieve long-term success.
If the statements above are true, which of the following practices, if adopted by an investment bank, would hinder its long-term success?
A. Evaluating and rewarding the bank’s analysts on the basis of recommendations made by managers who are solely engaged in raising capital for clients
B. Using reports by the investment bank’s analysts to determine how best to raise capital for a client
C. Sharing the task of raising capital for a client with other investment banks
D. Ensuring that conflicts between analysts and those who raise capital for clients are carefully mediated and resolved by impartial arbitrators
E. Monitoring the success or failure of analysts’ current predictions about how companies will perform financially, in order to determine the value of future predictions
有一题Prep海狮海豹的那个。Ａ
In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline. There are two plausible explanations for the decline: predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease. Of these two, disease is the more likely, since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.
GWD-29-Q17 Ｃ
The total market value of real estate in Altonville has steadily declined over the past four years. This decline has meant that the overall figure on which the city’s property tax is based—the assessed value of that real estate—has also declined. The percentage of assessed value that was paid as property taxes to the city, however, did not change from year to year during this period. The information above most strongly supports which of the following? A. The percentage of Altonville’s yearly revenue that comes from money collected in property taxes did not change over the past four years.
B. The percentage of Altonville’s yearly revenue that comes from money collected in property taxes has declined steadily over the past four years.
C. The amount of revenue that Altonville collected from property taxes was lower last year than it was four years ago.
D. During the past four years, Altonville officials increased tax rates on other sources of revenue such as retail sales and business profits.
E. Altonville will soon require property owners to pay a higher percentage of the assessed value of their property as property tax.
OG 11 202, 题目一样，但选项变了 Ｅ
Gortland has long been narrowly self-sufficient in both grain and meat．However, as per capita income in Gortland has risen toward the world average，per capita consumption of meat has also risen toward the world average，and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat．Therefore，since per capita income continues to rise，whereas domestic grain production will not increase，Gortland will soon have to import either grain or meat or both．
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) The total acreage devoted to grain production in Gortland will not decrease substantially
(B) The population of Gortland has remained relatively constant during the country's years of growing prosperity．
(C) The per capita consumption of meat in Gortland is roughly the same across all income levels．
(D) In Gortland，neither meat nor grain is subject to government price controls．
(E)  eople in Gortland who increase their consumption of meat will not radically decrease their consumption of grain
Ｓｏｒｒｙ，下面两道貌似是 大口呼吸 的……
Investment Advisor: It is well-known that investing in mutual funds reduces portfolio risk through diversification. It is also true that past investment performance is often related to future investment prospects. Therefore, to help my clients earn high returns with low risk, I select a group of mutual funds that meet the client’s objectives and then invest the client’s assets in the fund that has delivered the highest returns in this group over the past 2 years. Ａ Which of the following statements, if true, would demonstrate a serious flaw in the approach of the Investment Advisor?
A. Managers of many mutual funds that have delivered the highest returns over the past several years have already used up their best investment ideas and are unlikely to sustain this level of performance in the future.
B. Mutual funds span a wide spectrum of investment styles and performance objectives and no single fund is suitable for every investor.
C. Many individual investors choose to manage their own portfolios rather than consult an investment advisor.
D. The funds that have had the strongest past performance tend to continue to outperform other funds with similar objectives for many years in the future. (SUPPORT)
E. The number of clients served by the investment advisor has declined by nearly 50% over the past 5 years.
Deregulation of electricity markets in the United States has resulted in supply disruptions and in higher prices for consumers. Properly understood, however, this phenomenon does not cast doubt on the economic principle that free-market competition is generally more efficient than state planning. Certain particularities of electricity as a commodity - including the impossibility of storing electricity, the inelasticity of demand for electricity, and the high barriers to entry for new producers - are peculiar obstacles to the creation of competitive electricity markets.
In the above argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? B
A. The first is a historical claim that the author rejects; the second is the theoretical basis for his rejection of that claim.
B. The first describes an apparent exception to a theory that the author accepts as true; the second is that theory.
C. The first is the basis for the author's critique of conventional economics; the second is his summary of conventional economic thought.
D. The first describes an event that the author believes to be unusual; the second is the author's explanation of why this unusual event occured.
E. The first is a particular example of a broader trend; the second is that trend.
“某中疾病A（很长的名字，有缩写，这里姑且叫A)是生长在牛的身体下某个部位的，会影响奶牛产奶质量。而另一种B（很长的名字，也有缩写）是可以分泌一种enzyme来杀死A的。而A不能通过注射antibody来治愈。因此考虑给affected的牛们注射B。
题目问：上述文字建立在下列哪个assumption上？我选了答案，因为注射B不能使牛们对A免疫(B不是antibody)。
题目的背景和意思以及单词是一样的，但我遇到的问题和选项不同。题目后半部分也有点不同。”——JJ原作者的话。下面是GWD原题~~
Mastitis is an infection of the udder in cows that, although not dangerous, causes them to give poor-quality milk. Most cases of mastitis are caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, against which antibiotics are ineffective. However, a related bacterium, Staphylococcus simulans, quickly clears up even severe infections of S. aureus simply by displacing the bacteria. S. simulans is nevertheless unlikely to become the preferred treatment for cases of mastitis, since _____A_.
A. Certain dangerous bacteria that normally cannot take hold can do so in the presence of S. simulans
B. The current resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics derives in part from a past pattern of overuse of those antibiotics
C. The milk from cows infected with S. aureus is generally not of such poor quality as to be entirely unusable
D. Careful farming practice can reduce the incidence of mastitis to a minimum
E. The only symptom of mild cases of mastitis is the deterioration in the quality of the milk produced
GWD-24-Q14: 货币政策
In 1983 Argonia’s currency, the argon, underwent a reduction in value relative to the world’s strongest currencies. This reduction resulted in a significant increase in Argonia’s exports over 1982 levels. In 1987 a similar reduction in the value of the argon led to another increase in Argonia’s exports. Faced with the need to increase exports yet again, Argonia’s finance minister has proposed another reduction in the value of the argon.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the finance minister’s plan will not result in a significant increase in Argonia’s exports next year? D
A) The value of the argon rose sharply last year against the world’s strongest currencies.
B) In 1988 the argon lost a small amount of its value, and Argonians exports rose slightly in 1989.
C) The value of Argonia’s exports was lower last year than it was the year before.
D) All of Argonia’s export products are made by factories that were operating at full capacity last year, and new factories would take years to build.
E) Reductions in the value of the argon have almost always led to significant reductions in the amount of goods and services that Argonians purchase from abroad.
GWD-13-Q7的变种。GWD原题是：
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A significant number of Qualitex Corporation’s department heads are due to retire this year. The number of employees other than current department heads who could take on the position of department head is equal to only about half of the expected vacancies. Oualitex is not going to hire department heads from outside the company or have current department heads take over more than one department, so some departments will be without department heads next year unless Qualitex __E____.
A. promotes some current department heads to higher-level managerial positions
B. raises the salary for department heads
C. reduces the number of new employees it hires next year
D. reduces the average number of employees per department
E. reduces the number of its departments
变种题又加了一句，说Qualitex is not going to hire department heads from outside the company or have current department heads take over more than one department, 也不准备reduces the number of its departments，so some departments will be without department heads next year because ______
说一个公司的head of department不够，公司不准备从外边找，也不准备砍部门(另一个JJ的答案), 也不准备让一个人兼任两个部门，推出有些部门只好没有head了，因为。。。。叙写。 我选的是公司不准备让super head downgrade去领导部门 接下来是ＣＤｅｒ们的回忆录 那些给员工买医疗保险的公司基本上都买金额不足，立法的人就想要规定买保险一定要买足额。问为啥达不到效果：
我选 因为那些公司可能索性就不买了。
水处理工厂一般通过杀菌来处理水， 但是这样细菌中的DNA是杀不掉的， 有一个病（记不清了），一般杀菌对他没啥用，为了防止这个病，要改进提高杀菌之类的。
问可以推出啥， 我选的是这个病可以通过DNA传播。
养狗可以让人们经常溜狗，增加运动，从而减轻精神压力和降血压，一地区有很多人养狗，为什么那个地区人的压力很大血压很高？
我选的是：养狗只有对那些会经常溜狗，增加运动的人才有减轻精神压力和降血压的效果。
为了保护森林，一个城市要求砍树的公司不能把log从公路运出来必须用直升机运出来，因为修公路毁坏场地。哪个weaken它
我选的是用“直升机运也要毁坏场地”，另外一个拿不准的没选的是“过去10年，这个城市要求修路不能毁坏场地已经取得了明显的效果”。
一个boldface题，题目原文大致这样：某地的bear今年要挨饿了。这些熊是以某种pine的seeds为生的。这个季节的天气非常适合森林里某些虫子的生长，而这些虫子会大量破坏pine seed的生长。
在多数国家中，金属制造业消耗的energy最大，比如英国、巴西之类，在美国，是采用coal做能源来生产金属的。美国的金属产量在某年大幅上升，而相比其他国家而言，它的coal消耗量却不是还是比较低，问下面哪项可以解释原因。
我选了，因为其他国家的交通运输能源也大量依靠coal，而美国不是。
某公司发觉medical insurance的价格很高，因为员工趋向于用更贵的知名品牌的药，而不是比较便宜而他们需要的药。因此打算指定一个新政策，规定员工如果一定要named brand 的药的话，就要自己支付高出的金额。但导致的结果反而可能是insurance的价格更高。问下面哪个是strengthen。
"puffin"这个词的来源问题
Boldface，“有批评者说一个什么L开头的戏剧不尊重原著，表演明显过分现代化。但，这个戏其实是尊重原著的，因为虽然某主要演员有现代化的表演，但他也同时承袭了古意大利的表演风格。”
老题，飞机上装电话能赚钱，但现在用移动电话的人很多，用机载电话的人少了。不过航空公司保持这些电话仍然是受益的，因为电话的维护之类的都是电话公司承担。问assumption。我选这些电话的重量不会大到对飞机的油耗产生重大影响。
空气中的过敏原能引起人过敏。调查显示，最近这几年空气质量保持不变，过敏原的密度也没有增加，但过敏的人却越来越多。问原因。我选过敏原的种类多了。
填空题，过去十年某地出台了一系列措施让汽车安装安全气囊，安全带，什么的。又说统计表明因交通事故住院的数量明显降低，是因为_____。我选医院进行了改革，提高了住院的标准。
说一个国家的烟草有domestic和foreign的，几年前政府不许外国烟草打广告，现在这个禁止解除了，外国烟草公司猛打广告，但销量仍然没有上升。问加强
我选国内烟草公司也猛打广告
说一项试验，让实验者选择屏幕上出现的词是褒义还是贬义。但是如果在词出现之前先给是贬义的那个词做个解释，那么实验者的反应速度就会变慢。所以，给贬义词作解释会deter实验者的反应。问假设
我选不是任何出现在屏幕的任何解释都deter反应
黑脸题，说一个city出台了个新政策导致犯罪率下降。反对者说并不一定是政策导致犯罪率下降，因为在实施之前这个city的犯罪率就下降了，并且某地没实施这个政策犯罪率也下降了。但是，当这个政策在全国实施时，怎么怎么样,crime decline followed.
两组人做实验 一组人给他看跟钱有关的词汇 另一组人看正常的词汇 结果让这两组人一起解谜(puzzle)发现头一组人比较少发问 因此判断看钱有关的词汇使人比较不合作
蝙蝠觅食那题
美国在196x年的平均寿命为60岁，197X年的平均寿命为73岁(数字不确定，但大致是这样)，推测是因为医学进步寿命增加老年人口增加。问weaken。我选是因为医学进步儿童生病与死亡率下降，跟OG有一题很像。
有一个湖里的鳟鱼数量逐渐减少，地方政府打算要放入一些邻近河流的同类鱼，但因为这次要放入的鱼数量并没有比往年未公开施放的数量多，且过去这样持续的施放也没有增加，估计不会有任何成效。问weaken我选的答案是，过去施放的鱼是养殖的，容易受到诱饵的影响被钓客钓走。其它都很明显的无关选项
说某政客今年连任的选举活动中，捐钱的很多是前几年接了政府项目的工程公司。但是政府不太可能会发生腐败，因为政府工程都是从qualified的工程公司中选取价钱最低的竞标者。问assumption。
答案中有一个：政府不可能直接或间接的干预工程公司的qualification。
调查发现被调查的司机中，80%认为自己的驾车水平比平均水平高。但是因为不可能有大部分人的水平高于平均水平，所以大部分司机错误的认为自己水平高于平均。
问这个arguer的推理存在什么问题。
一种什么blue shrimp生长在河水和海水交界处。今年来河水减少，海水增多，这个blue shrimp的量就减少了，说是海水多导致水里的盐度升高引起的，问加强。
一个原来生产含盐chips的生产商准备改产不含盐的，因为那些购买不含盐的人是原来买含盐的人，所以估计转产不会增加收入，问假设
政府计划要把海边的一片森林列成保护区，但是被列成保护区的一些地方都由于游客增加导致破坏了环境。问证实政府的计划会成功。
原来推测人类养宠物猫是在4000多年前，但是最近发现了人类的遗骨和猫的尸骨在一起，推测是7500BC年前的，所以推测人类养宠物猫大约有9000多年了。问假设
问卷调查显示人们对铁路老是晚点抱怨，结论是铁路的私有化的推行导致的。问削弱
说有个叫itn。。的病跟羊有关的病（忘了是传播途径还是啥的），在欧洲XX年前就有了，但推测说在中国出现得更早，因为中文字形没怎么变，而中文sheep和disease两字中都含有itn。。。的意思，问前提，我选了D（反正最短那项）说中文在发展过程中没发生意思的变化。
sec制定法律规范投行的投资行为，但一些投行的行为 SEC无力制止，因此要revise law。
以前火车最大速度80，现在用最大速度为125的替换，但是由于轨道限速80，所以换了新火车后仍然无法缩短时间
人们记单词的，说如果什么electricity current 经过大脑，就记得更多单词，说这东西对记单词有用，问评价
选试验前两个组是不是一样
tv network has viewers both over and under 49 years old. advertising targets on viewers under 49, although discrepancy expenditure is more popular among people over 49 than under 49. explains why?
具体选项记不清了, 我选的好象说的是Because they are determined by advertising agents not by tv network. 其他几个似乎都无关
teacher: percentage of primary school students who read in their spare time declines in the past 20 years. it is because video games is competing with books to take away their time. another finding is that time spent on video games have increased four times compared to 20 years ago. weaken the teacher's argument.
我觉得几个选项有很明显的Percentage和Time的混淆,所以我选了一个指出more time doesn’t reflect to smaller percentage意思的选项.
新的减少摩擦的技术可以为每个机器节油5000美元每年，但应用这种技术要60000美元。有一个公司的机器最多使用10年。但这个公司仍要采用这种技术。问下面那个是加强。 答案是这种技术会延长机器使用寿命。（我觉得）
说有个湖里盛产一种recreative的鱼，发现数量一直下降，政府决定向湖中投放鱼苗，问削弱。答案好像是 投的鱼苗长成的鱼比较笨，很容易上钩，所以被渔民捕捞很多。
说古罗马发现很多银器留存下来，但是P原料的plate并没有那么多，问原因。我选淂是因为银器比较珍贵，损坏了不容易被melt。
说一个国家公民可以通过公投直接确定法律，有lobby说客花很多钱推动一项法案，一直没有成功，但是他们准备继续，问为啥？我的答案是因为支持的人稳步上升（不太确定）
说用炭含量确定文物时间是一项很有效的方法，特别是对埃及，因为埃及很多文物都是一种原料制成的.....然后有种观点说其实炭含量没啥用(黑体),然后说这种观点是seem defensive（黑体）,因为大部分文物上边都有可以指明文物时间的indicator，而这些indicator的误差只有20年，而炭方法确定的年限误差为100年。问两个黑体的作用。
一道Infer题。一个编辑还是啥说 No number one best-seller win the major prize of book, All the major prize winners have the unusually long-term book sales。问下面那个对； 研究者把两组高血压的人进行研究。一部分让他们大声朗读诗， 一部分让他们控制呼吸，结果大声朗诵的血压降得更多，因此研究者认为在降低血压方面大声朗诵更为有效。问评价。 某个国家从国外进口OIL 但是由于没有足够的外汇购买 因此经常gasoline短缺。 最近这个国家在自己国家发现了一个oil reserve， 尽管开发提炼oil生产gasoline是不经济的 该国的gasoline的短缺将不是问题。 问假设。 最近乘客对航空公司的抱怨增加了，因为说飞机上的座位没有以前舒服，但是实际上飞机的座位大小并没有变过。同时呢，最近飞机延误的比较厉害，航空认为，乘客们的抱怨很可能是关联的，很可能深层次地是来源于飞机延误的，所以只要将飞机弄得on time就可以减少乘客们的抱怨。问weaken
maomao's ans: 我选了一个答案说座位间隔变小了 水中的bacteria被杀死以后DNA还会留在水里，然后说bacteria越来越有抗药性，这种抗药性可以经由DNA在不同种的细菌中传播。大概是这个意思，记不完全了 最后选所以为了大众健康，应该把水中残留的DNA也destroy Supermart这个超市想推出自己的清洁用品，比自己超市内卖的清洁用品便宜30%，但是估计推出后supermart的profit不会增加，因为会买supermart牌的consumer早就买了supermart里其它牌子的清洁用品。问based on what assumption: 我选 原本不再supermart消费的人不会因为supermart牌的便宜而跑过来买 boldface题，chief police说: 自从推出了新的policing policy以后，犯罪率下降，有人说这不是新policy的功劳，因为之前五年犯罪率也下降过，chief说，但是(推出新policy不久之後，全國許多地方也接著採用這個policy)，過不久之後，(他們的犯罪率都下降了)
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发表于 2008-4-10 23:54:00
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