复议一道逻辑题，GWD 15 - 38

shining_spag

Q38:争议题

In one state, all cities and most towns have antismoking ordinances.  A petition entitled “Petition for Statewide Smoking Restriction” is being circulated to voters by campaign workers who ask only, “Do you want to sign a petition for statewide smoking restriction?”  The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public.

 

Which of the following circumstances would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide?

 

1. Health costs associated with smoking cause health insurance premiums to rise for everyone and so affect nonsmokers.
2. In rural areas of the state, there are relatively few retail establishments and government offices that are open to the public.
3. The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain stronger bans than the state law does.
4. There is considerable sentiment among voters in most areas of the state for restriction of smoking.
5. The state law would not affect existing local ordinances banning smoking in places where the fire authorities have determined that smoking would constitute a fire hazard.

以前的讨论贴，链接如下：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=24&replyID=1930495&id=206413&skin=0

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=24&ID=166760&replyID=&skin=1

本来是做的云里雾里的，找了以前的讨论，发现争议不小，差点放弃了，但突然有了些灵感，觉得应该是E了，所以放上来大家看看，请NN指教：

以下是引用margie_ling在2007-5-9 12:06:00的发言：

make petition misleading（adj)是一个make sth adj.的固定搭配，意为使sth易被误解。to voter who... 意为对voter而言。这个问题问的是，对于认为州法案是地方法案的扩展的人来说，下列哪个情况使得请愿书（petition as circulated)是误导的。

这个对题目的理解应该是没有问题了，关键是解题的思路，我是这样想的：

请愿书提倡州法在部分地区禁烟，事实上是比地方法放宽了禁烟标准，要想通过大家的支持，必须使用一些障眼法，让大家以为州法没有放宽禁烟标准，或者至少不强行覆盖更严格的地方法（误导之处）：方法是问大家是否同意州法禁烟，而不明确州法是如何禁烟的。大部分voters认为州法是地方法的推广，所以签字同意。而要想让这个障眼法不违背大家的理解，就必须有一些貌似不与地方法冲突的前提，比如E选项中：州法不影响地方法关于易发生火灾地方的禁烟条例。看起来好像州法不和严格的地方法发生冲突，所以E 选项是正确的。

 

而C选项明确的指出州法会取代更严格的地方法，这个条件一出，认为州法只是地方法推广的人们肯定都倒戈不会签署同意了，完全没有起到误导的作用，反而明确了大家的立场，而可能导致请愿失败，这也是与请愿书的发起者意愿相违背的，所以C不是符合题意的选项。

希望没有写的很罗嗦