是这篇吗? GWD-7-Q34 to Q36企業熱衷瘦身的非經濟因素 Firms traditionally claim that they 公司傳統地認為他們縮小規模(如裁 downsize (i.e., make permanent 減永久員工)是出於經濟原因，通過 personnel cuts) for economic reasons, 辭退假設無必要的員工來嘗試變得 Line
laying off supposedly unnecessary staff 更有效率和競爭力。 (5) in an attempt to become more efficient and competitive. Organization theory 組織理論會把此推理作為”經濟理性” would explain this reasoning as an 的例子，它假設這種理性是所有 example of the “economic rationality” 組織活動的基礎。 that it assumes underlies all organi- (10) zational activities. There is evidence 有證據顯示公司相信他們無論何時 that firms believe they are behaving 縮減，都是理性的行為；但是近期 rationally whenever they downsize; yet 的研究表明，縮減的實際經濟效果 recent research has shown that the的 對公司反而是消極的。 actual economic effects of downsizing (15) are often negative for firms. Thus, 因此，組織理論不能恰當地解釋縮 organization theory cannot adequately 減；非經濟因素必須同時被考慮。 explain downsizing; non-economic factors must also be considered. One such factor is the evolution of 一種非經濟因素便是縮減進化成 (20) downsizing into a powerful business 強大的商業神話：經理們單純地 myth: managers simply believe that 相信縮減是有效的。 downsizing is efficacious. Moreover, 而且，今時今日，縮減受到商 downsizing nowadays is greeted 業新聞評論的讚美；輿論經常提 favorably by the business press; the 及縮減了的公司上升的股價(雖然 (25) press often refers to soaring stock 研究表明股票通常在縮減後暫時 prices of downsizing firms (even though 上升，然後長期跌落)。 research shows that stocks usually rise only briefly after downsizing and then suffer a prolonged decline). (30) Once viewed as a sign of desperation, 一度被視作絕望的符號，縮減在 downsizing is now viewed as a signal 今天成為公司認真對待全球市場 that firms are serious about competing 競爭的標誌；那些信號被關鍵的 in the global marketplace; such signals 參與者－金融分析家，諮詢師， are received positively by key actors— 股東－給公司提供關鍵組織財力 (35)
financial analysts, consultants, 的人接受為正面的東西。 shareholders—who supply firms with vital organizing resources. Thus, even 所以，即使如果縮減沒有經濟 if downsizers do not become economi- 效益，其神話色彩為其在商圈裏 cally more efficient, downsizing’s mythic 增添聲望，提高了其生存前景。 (40) properties give them added prestige in the business community, enhancing their survival prospects. 老新觀點 邏輯簡圖： 1P: firm traditionally claims that downsize to efficient and competitive. Organization theory explains as ”economic rationality”… yet, recent research has shown negative. Thus cannot adequately explain…..non-economic factor… one factor is…. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-7-Q34: The primary purpose of the passage is to A. criticize firms for engaging in the practice of downsizing B. analyze the negative economic impact of downsizing on firms C. offer an alternative to a traditional explanation for the occurrence of downsizing yet
recent research has shown that the actual economic effects of downsizing are often negative for firms. Thus, organization theory cannot adequately explain downsizing; non-economic factors must also be considered. D. chronicle how perceptions of downsizing have changed over time E. provide evidence disputing the prevalence of downsizing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-7-Q35: The passage suggests that downsizing’s mythic properties can be beneficial to a downsizing firm because these properties
A. allow the firm to achieve significant operating efficiencies B. provide the firm with access to important organizing resources such signals are received positively by key actors－financial analysts, consultants, shareholders—who supply firms with vital organizing resources. Thus, even if downsizers do not become economically more efficient, downsizing’s mythic properties give them added prestige in the business community, enhancing their survival prospects. C. encourage a long-term increase in the firm’s stock price D. make the firm less reliant on external figures such as financial analysts and consultants E. discourage the firm’s competitors from entering the global marketplace -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-7-Q36: The passage suggests which of the following about the claim that a firm will become more efficient and competitive by downsizing? A. Few firms actually believe this claim to be true.無 B. Fewer firms have been making this claim in recent years.無關 C. This claim contradicts the basic assumption of organization theory.反 D. This claim is called into question by certain recent research. Thus, organization theory cannot adequately explain downsizing; non-economic factors must also be considered. E. This claim is often treated with skepticism by the business press.反 Q2: According to the passage, the “key actors” (line 34) view a firm’s downsizing activities as an indication of the firm’s - troubled financial condition
- inability to develop effective long-term strategies
- inability to retain vital organizational resources
- desire to boost its stock price
- desire to become more competitive
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发表于 2008-2-5 07:41:00
