1．夏威夷的庙
2. 衡量Goods的价值
3.
创新与市场
4.
颜色管理
5.
黑人的财产所有权
6.
身高社会地位饮食
7.
妇女与社会劳动力
8.
英国在伊朗的business
9.
商业特许研究跨国公司起源
10.
美国外部资本投资
11.
Grey Economy
12.
北美和香港超市比较
13.
放射考古
14.
鸟类筑巢繁衍
15.
全球化和跨国公司
16.
Green Bird 保护鸟计划
17.
公司投入和组织文化
18.
总统夫人不同描述
19.
护士问题
20. 废除奴隶制后African American的劳动条件改善。
21. 女权系统问题
22. 企业的不同营销策略
23. 珊瑚问题
24. “科技創新”與”科技保守”
25. 南北戰爭黑奴時期至今的美國黑人文化來源
26. 語言表達與構造
27. OGSI问题
28. 环保和贸易
29.
哺乳期问题
30.
文艺复兴时期女性地位问题
31. 妇女跟政府要钱问题
32. 英国跟中国女人劳动对比
33. 政府调控
34. R&D by external
scientists
35. Promotion
36. 新产品开发
37. 土星光环
38. Canadian settlement
39.
德国失业率
40.
宇宙大爆炸
41.
女权主义和废奴主义
1．夏威夷的庙
夏威夷政治经济(老题，前面有描述)
说夏威夷的一些建筑一开始专家认为是在250年间建成的，但是当地的oral history说是在一个人（名字忘了）的带领下建成的，主要因为用碳追踪法有limitation。现在有了新的方法，用另两种元素（不认识是什么，可能是钚，铀之类的）来算年代，用的是珊瑚礁里的这种元素，说在这些建筑里都有珊瑚，而珊瑚只在海里才能吸收这种元素，所以根据衰变率可以算出年代。最终发现是几十年内建成的，印证了oral history
===
夏威夷发展的测定
24、最新研究证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快。口述历史讲述17世纪初有个大牛人P统一了夏威夷，但无法证明，因为相关证据无法用C14测定年代。科学家用了新方法，证明 大量用于分配产品的寺庙建于17世纪初，从而证明了口述历史中17世纪初的大变革。
60 夏威夷庙是否在某个时期建设，定位那题。
文章大意：最新研究证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快。口述历史讲述17世纪初有个大牛人P统一了夏威夷，但无法证明，因为相关证据无法用C14测定年代。科学家用了新方法，证明大量用于分配产品的寺庙建于17世纪初，从而证明了口述历史中17世纪初的大变革。
(下面为google搜索到的文章, 和JJ完全一致)
Proto-historic Hawaiian temples on the island of Maui
may have mushroomed up within just 30 years, not 250 as previously supposed,
scientists say. The findings could significantly alter researchers'
understanding of the pace of precontact sociopolitical change in the Pacific.
Hawaiian genealogies and oral histories hold that
sometime around 1600 A.D. a ruler named Pi'ilani united two opposing chiefdoms
on Maui into a peaceful kingdom, marking the
emergence of a religious state on the island. Archaeologists had been unable to
confirm that sequence of events, however, in part because of the limitations of
carbon dating. (一种炭14元素测时间技术)
In the new work, Patrick V. Kirch and Warren D. Sharp
of the University of California and Berkeley used another kind of radiometric
technique involving thorium-230, rather than carbon-14, to date bits of branch
coral that were collected from living reefs and left as divine offerings at
seven different temples during construction.(部分细节定位题) Dates for these corals,
which had been incorporated into walls and platform fill, all fell in a narrow
range of 1565 to 1638 A.D., give or take a few years on either end. Moreover,
dates on the samples that best reflect the time they were harvested from the
sea--those from the coral branch tips--ranged from 1608 to 1638 A.D., an
interval of just 30 years. These findings thus point to intensive temple-building
during that time. Because temples served as centers for control of production
and the collection of surplus goods, the team contends, it seems likely that
the construction boom accompanied a profound shift in sociopolitical structure.
(第二段有细节题，看仔细)
Kirch and Sharp observe that the conquests described
by local oral traditions coincide with these new dates, and would have more
than doubled the size of the Maui polity to
upwards of 2,360 square kilometers--the magnitude of expansion expected with
the formation of an archaic state. "The temples provide tangible
archaeological evidence of the speed with which a fundamental sociopolitical
transition occurred in proto-historic Hawaii,"
the authors conclude. Indeed, they note, it may have happened in the span of a
single generation of Hawaiians.
(证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快，在一代就完成)
Q1:TOPIC证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快 topic
Q2: What can infer EXCEPT (细节题)
Q3: why scientist can not prove Hawaii happened in a single period of history
originally?
temple题
第一段：某个文明或者宗教有个庙，可能比传统学者完成的时间要早。但是又没有确实的理论来支持。
第二段：新的科技或者是证据（这一点大家认真读吧）利用同位素测试装饰这个塔的某个海生植物。测出其丰收的时间等等.(就是说明了这个塔修时间和原来 想的不一样 )。由于这个台是当地多余（surplus)物品的聚集和交换地，有重要的作用。因此都出这社会文明结构（这个复合词不认识）may serve one generation.
q1 原文的目的：选项实在看不出来．我混淆的选项是 Ａ新的证据证明这个文明结构reform非常短 还是Ｅ
novelty技术描述了历史
q2 serve vone generation 的作用。我选：这个文明结构比原想的更uneven．
q3 原文暗示了什么？其中Ｂ是 这个塔primarily是物品（无多余）的交换和集合地．我觉得不像．我选的是"这个水生植物被装饰到塔得时候还是活的，when harvest
time." 选项如此，我也没太读懂．
感谢原JJ作者，也感谢今天裸奔的那位兄弟，希望下次考好
我在补充点内容吧.
夏威夷TEMPLES
V1
最新研究证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快。口述历史讲述17世纪初有个大牛人P统一了夏威夷，但无法证明，因为相关证据无法用C14测定年代。科学家用了新方法，证明 大量用于分配产品的寺庙建于17世纪初，从而证明了口述历史中17世纪初的大变革。
V2
第一段：某个文明或者宗教有个庙，可能比传统学者完成的时间要早。但是又没有确实的理论来支持。
第二段：新的科技或者是证据（这一点大家认真读吧）利用同位素测试装饰这个塔的某个海生植物。测出其丰收的时间等等.(就是说明了这个塔修时间和原来想的不一样 )。由于这个台是当地多余（surplus)物品的聚集和交换地，有重要的作用。因此都出这社会文明结构（这个复合词不认识）may serve one generation.
q1 原文的目的：选项实在看不出来．我混淆的选项是 Ａ新的证据证明这个文明结构reform非常短 还是Ｅnovelty技术描述了历史
q2 serve vone generation 的作用。我选：这个文明结构比原想的更uneven．
q3 原文暗示了什么？其中Ｂ是 这个塔primarily是物品（无多余）的交换和集合地．我觉得不像．我选的是"这个水生植物被装饰到塔得时候还是活的，when harvest time." 选项如此，我也没太读懂
c、Temples in Hawaii - Maui. Oral
history told by Hawaii locals states that King
B united two tribes during ... Researchers think the social politics change of Hawaii happened in a
single period of history.Recently, researchers are able to date the temple by
U..230..(two elements of temple wall)... It proves that many temples were built
using the same material during a short period of time. Temples were used as a center to control the
production and collect surplus foods. Therefore, it confers what oral history
said.
2007年4月RC机经多次出现夏威夷寺庙(Hawaii Temples)，通过google终于找到原文（我没看过原文，这是基于各前辈所写的机经内容而找的，对照之后觉得十分相似，请看过原文的前辈看看是否就是这东东）。内容如下：
Proto-historic Hawaiian temples on the island of Maui
may have mushroomed up within just 30 years, not 250 as previously supposed,
scientists say. The findings could significantly alter researchers'
understanding of the pace of precontact sociopolitical change in the Pacific.
Hawaiian genealogies and oral histories hold that sometime around 1600
A.D. a ruler named Pi'ilani united two opposing chiefdoms on Maui
into a peaceful kingdom, marking the emergence of a religious state on the
island. Archaeologists had been unable to confirm that sequence of events,
however, in part because of the limitations of carbon dating.
In the new work, Patrick V. Kirch and Warren D. Sharp of the University of
California and Berkeley used another kind of radiometric technique involving
thorium-230, rather than carbon-14, to date bits of branch coral that were
collected from living reefs and left as divine offerings at seven different
temples during construction. Dates for these corals, which had been
incorporated into walls and platform fill, all fell in a narrow range of 1565
to 1638 A.D., give or take a few years on either end. Moreover, dates on the
samples that best reflect the time they were harvested from the sea--those from
the coral branch tips--ranged from 1608 to 1638 A.D., an interval of just 30
years. These findings thus point to intensive temple-building during that time.
Because temples served as centers for control of production and the collection
of surplus goods, the team contends, it seems likely that the construction boom
accompanied a profound shift in sociopolitical structure.
Kirch and Sharp observe that the conquests described by local oral
traditions coincide with these new dates, and would have more than doubled the
size of the Maui polity to upwards of 2,360
square kilometers--the magnitude of expansion expected with the formation of an
archaic state. "The temples provide tangible archaeological evidence of
the speed with which a fundamental sociopolitical transition occurred in
proto-historic Hawaii,"
the authors conclude. Indeed, they note, it may have happened in the span of a
single generation of Hawaiians.
V3
一篇：夏威夷发展的测定
q1有两个选型比较混淆：一个说文章是用新的科学技术证实了一个地区的历史；另一个选项是说，文章证实了口述者的话，并让人们对于某个地区的了解更正确了。我选的后者，因为没有说明是新发明的科学技术。
5.HAWAI temple
口述历史讲述17世纪初有个大牛人P统一了夏威夷
two tribes during into a peace and religious
(part of the except Q2 here) society，Researchers think
the social politics change of Hawaii happened in a single period of history.但无法证明，因为相关证据无法用C dating 测定年代。
Recently, researchers are able to date the using Tech
U230 and U238. Sth from coral near the beach is used in the wall of temple.
Scientist date with materials extract from both
the coral in the sea and the coral material in the wall.(part of the except Q2
here)
Because the coral can absorb U230 and U238(I think from the sea. None of them
in the air)
It proves that many temples shows up in a short period of time. Temples were used as a
center to control the production and collect surplus foods. Therefore, prove
the is a sudden society change in this period and it confers what oral history
said and。最(证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快 topic pretty
sure ).
Q1:TOPIC证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快 topic
Q2: CAN INFER EXCEPT a) is Hawaii society formed by the king religious?
b) why scientist can not prove Hawaii
happened in a single period of history originally?
Awn: the material is used in the wall is for
structure soundness?
25. Haiwaii- Maui Temple & dating Uranium & Orthonium-230
(3Q’s) 夏威夷发展的测定
Blah blah blah, although
it has always been thought that a rapid sociopolitical changes occurred in a
period under 250 years between C14 & C15. As accord to oral histories that
is preserved and handed down. However, the inadequacies of dating stood in the
way and there is no certainty to prove the oral history correct.
Recent improvement in technology has made such predictions possible. It has
been discovered that the uranium-230 that is absorbed by the coral branches and
its corresponding decay to othorium-230 provides an accurate method for gauging
the actual dates. The coral branches are used on the temple pillars for decoration and ornaments. The temple is
used a centre for communication and trade, to control the production and
collection of surplus foods. It is also the centre for political and social
control, allowing organization and structure. Hence it is quite possible that
all these rudiments of a sociopolitical
construct may serve in one generation. If so, then the oral histories are
correct, and significant sociopolitical changes occurred under the leadership
of King Maui in one single generation.
112.
夏威夷发展理论
补充爱妻号 Q2 关于珊瑚的细节题
date bits of branch coral that were collected from living reefs and left as
divine offerings at seven different temples during construction.
选coral
were alive when they were collected from the reef.
夏威夷社会政治发展问题：最新研究证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快。口述历史讲述17世纪初有个大牛人P统一了夏威夷，但无法证明，因为相关证据无法用C14测定年代。科学家用了新方法，证明大量用于分配产品的寺庙建于17世纪初，从而证明了口述历史中17世纪初的大变革。(下面为google搜索到的文章, 和JJ完全一致)
Proto-historic Hawaiian temples on the island of Maui may have mushroomed up within just
30 years, not 250 as previously supposed, scientists say. The findings could
significantly alter researchers' understanding of the pace of precontact
sociopolitical change in the Pacific.
Hawaiian genealogies and oral histories
hold that sometime around 1600 A.D. a ruler named Pi'ilani united two opposing
chiefdoms on Maui into a peaceful kingdom,
marking the emergence of a religious state on the island. Archaeologists had
been unable to confirm that sequence of events, however, in part because of the
limitations of carbon dating. (一种炭14元素测时间技术)
In the new work, Patrick V. Kirch and
Warren D. Sharp of the University of California and Berkeley used another kind
of radiometric technique involving thorium-230, rather than carbon-14, to date
bits of branch coral that were collected from living reefs and left as divine
offerings at seven different temples during construction.(部分细节定位题) Dates for
these corals, which had been incorporated into walls and platform fill, all
fell in a narrow range of 1565 to 1638 A.D., give or take a few years on either
end. Moreover, dates on the samples that best reflect the time they were
harvested from the sea--those from the coral branch tips--ranged from 1608 to
1638 A.D., an interval of just 30 years. These findings thus point to intensive
temple-building during that time. Because temples served as centers for control
of production and the collection of surplus goods, the team contends, it seems
likely that the construction boom accompanied a profound shift in
sociopolitical structure. (第二段有细节题，看仔细)
Kirch and Sharp observe that the conquests
described by local oral traditions coincide with these new dates, and would
have more than doubled the size of the Maui
polity to upwards of 2,360 square kilometers--the magnitude of expansion
expected with the formation of an archaic state. "The temples provide
tangible archaeological evidence of the speed with which a fundamental
sociopolitical transition occurred in proto-historic Hawaii," the authors conclude. Indeed,
they note, it may have happened in the span of a single generation of
Hawaiians.(证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快，在一代就完成)
Q1:TOPIC证明夏威夷社会政治的发展比预想快 topic
Q2: What can infer EXCEPT (细节题)
Q3: why scientist can not prove Hawaii
happened in a single period of history originally?
temple题
第一段：某个文明或者宗教有个庙，可能比传统学者完成的时间要早。但是又没有确实的理论来支持。
第二段：新的科技或者是证据（这一点大家认真读吧）利用同位素测试装饰这个塔的某个海生植物。测出其丰收的时间等等.(就是说明了这个塔修时间和原来想的不一样 )。由于这个台是当地多余（surplus)物品的聚集和交换地，有重要的作用。因此都出这社会文明结构（这个复合词不认识）may serve one generation.
q1 原文的目的：选项实在看不出来．我混淆的选项是 Ａ新的证据证明这个文明结构reform非常短 还是Ｅnovelty技术描述了历史
q2 serve vone generation 的作用。我选：这个文明结构比原想的更uneven．
q3 原文暗示了什么？其中Ｂ是 这个塔primarily是物品（无多余）的交换和集合地．我觉得不像．我选的是"这个水生植物被装饰到塔得时候还是活的，when harvest time." 选项如此，我也没太读懂．
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发表于 2007-12-23 14:30:00
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