补充一点gender mainstreaming的知识

geranium

原始JJ：

OGSI问题

部分有一个是将联合国的OGSI（一个有关性别问题研究的分支好像）的，Gender Mainstreaming 的，这个组织在联合国里面推行男女平等，首先是劝一些高级官员要执行这个啊，然后要推广啊，然后说当然OGSI还是除于劝说和引导阶段，将来更多的应该是去监督这个GS实施的结果怎么样啊，最后的目的就是使得男女在参加联合国问题决策，受益于UN方面都实现平等，什么之类的，有谁能找到类似的文章？我到现在还是不明白，第一个问题问的这个GS是什么，有两个选项很模糊：一个是在UN内部推行男女平等的策略，另一个是一个要在外部推行的计划好像，我搞不清楚在内部还是涉及全球问题的

补充一点这个Gender Mainstreaming的知识,这样大家碰到这道题的时候，就不会看不懂了，呵呵

Gender Mainstreaming is a globally accepted strategy for promoting gender equality. Mainstreaming is not an end in itself but a strategy, an approach, a means to achieve the goal of gender equality. Mainstreaming involves ensuring that gender perspectives and attention to the goal of gender equality are central to all activities - policy development, research, advocacy/ dialogue, legislation, resource allocation, and planning, implementation and monitoring of programmes and projects.

Since 1997 the Assistant Secretary-General and Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women has been charged with supporting and overseeing the implementation of the policy mandates. The mandate of the Special Adviser on gender mainstreaming covers the whole of the United Nations, and the role of the Office of the Special Adviser (OSAGI) in this respect is, of necessity, largely a supportive and advisory one. An important additional element is monitoring and reporting on progress with gender mainstreaming. The office has two professional staff dedicated to supporting gender mainstreaming .

The Principal Social Affairs Officer (D-1 level) and a Social Affairs Officer (P-2 level). Involvement in the details of day-to-day implementation of gender mainstreaming in any one part of the United Nations is not the aim of OSAGI in its efforts to support gender mainstreaming. OSAGI supports the efforts of other parts of the United Nations and reports on progress to the Secretary-General.

In promoting, facilitating and supporting the implementation of gender mainstreaming throughout the United Nations, the Office of the Special Adviser has initiated consultations on gender mainstreaming with senior management in many different United Nations entities and developed methodologies, tools and information materials. The office works to create awareness of the benefits to programme outcomes of incorporating gender perspectives into work programmes throughout the United Nations system, including in departments within the Secretariat. The objective of these efforts is not to "do" gender mainstreaming for other parts of the system but to stimulate all entities within the United Nations to take gender perspectives into account in their work programmes, as called for in the Platform for Action, ECOSOC Agreed Conclusions 1997/2 and all other intergovernmental mandates. Progress report from OSAGI Supporting Gender Mainstreaming.The work of the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women
         

A strong, continued commitment to gender mainstreaming is one of the most effective means for the United Nations to support promotion of gender equality at all levels - in research, legislation, policy development and in activities on the ground, and to ensure that women as well as men can influence, participate in and benefit from development efforts. There is a continued need, however, to complement the gender mainstreaming strategy with targeted interventions to promote gender equality and women's empowerment, particularly where there are glaring instances of persistent discrimination of women and inequality between women and men.

geranium

还有就是关于新产品研发的JJ，比较确信就是下面这两个了：

[version 1]公司创新，但是管理更重要
            

一篇关于公司的经营战略的，投入开发新产品会忽略在改善公司结构以及流通渠道。
                

第一段将很多公司重视对新产品的开发，对有创新的员工提供奖励。说了一些推出新产品的好处，能受到投资者重视之类的，不重要，知道有些好处就行了。公司focus新产品开发是因为他们的绩效好评估。但是这些公司却不太重视对提出改善公司结构的创新的奖励。以至于对于新产品和新结构的重视并不平衡（这里有一道题，作者认为CEO应该怎么做，选平衡对待产品的创新和结构的创新）
                

第二段说，只重视新产品开发的策略的应用有局限性，在列举情况下不能达到增加公司盈利的目的。
        一个例子，比如你有了新的产品，但是结构和流通渠道很烂，有了产品卖不出去。很容易别竞争者仿造，反而在你前面投入市场。
                

第三段就说公司结构以及流通渠道的重要，比如可以防止后来者进入市场之类的。
                

[version 2]

公司往往很热衷开发新产品，觉得这样可以提高自己的市场竞争力量，这个说法是错误的。可是很多公司还是这样认为，partly because measurement system 更加难以衡量很多其他方面的指标，比如公司操作，组合等，而衡量新产品的开发指数就容易很多（注意，这里有题目，问it can be inferred from the passage that: 我选：如果measurement system 可以更加容易和准确的衡量其他方面的指数，那么很多公司可能不会花这么多气力在开发产品上）。实际上，有了新产品开发，还有很多别的因素影响公司竞争力，比如一个公司如果开发了很多新产品，但是他的distribution system is very bad，
        那么他的竞争公司会得到他的新产品的信息并市场化，这样这个公司其实根本得不到好处。文章最后一句话是：所以其实一个公司综合的素质的提高，比如distribution system,可以作为一个有效的barrier，屏蔽别的公司的竞争而使自己获益。所以一个公司的综合素质而不是新产品开发的实力，其实是最重要的。（注意，这里有题目，问文章最后一句话起什么作用，
        我回答： provide a reason to support why new product invention is not always the best way to help company achieve its competition among the market.).

mirror0411

mm辛苦了，谢谢！

龙飞凤舞

以下是引用mirror0411在2007-12-22 14:19:00的发言：
mm辛苦了，谢谢！

sunnysprin

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