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There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures-up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand people among different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies.

To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?

正确答案: B

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请教紫皮OG53

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楼主
发表于 2007-12-16 23:24:00 | 只看该作者

请教紫皮OG53

53There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures—up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand people among different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies

To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical proceduresit would be most important to establish which of the following?

(A)  A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary

(B)  The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered

(C)  There are several categories of surgical procedure(other than hysterectomies prostatectomiesand tonsillectomies)that are often performed unnecessarily

(D)  For certain surgical proceduresit is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded

(E)  With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomiesprostatectomiesand tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general.

这道题目的答案是B,能有好心人帮忙解释一下吗?我不明白这道题目的意思。题目说surgical procedures可能会导致variation,那么B是什么意思呢?解释也不懂啊,感觉就像没说一样,谢谢大家啦。

沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-17 13:02:00 | 只看该作者

顶啊。

板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-17 23:26:00 | 只看该作者
顶啊。
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-18 12:58:00 | 只看该作者
再顶啊。
5#
发表于 2007-12-18 13:16:00 | 只看该作者

给你抄个解释

http://bbs..org/dispbbs.asp?boardID=20&ID=367&page=214

本题为支持题型。全文的线索是:(由上到下)手术率有地区差异(现象)----此差异是由不必要的手术导致的(结论)-----下面哪个加上现象能支持结论。
A、无关或有些削弱的意思。原因:1)委员会监督作用有多大相关性?2)有委员会就会避免一写不必要的手术
B、正确答案。我肯定。选项中用的是other than the surgical procedures themselves。排除了其他因素的影响,就是不必要的手术
C、other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies。竟然将讨论的例证给毁了,能对吗?

6#
发表于 2007-12-18 13:25:00 | 只看该作者
是引用demon_hunter在2006-4-28 12:33:00的发言:

172. There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures—up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand between different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies.

To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?

(A) A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary.

(B) The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered.

(C) There are several categories of surgical procedure (other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies) that are often performed unnecessarily.

(D) For certain surgical procedures, it is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded.

(E) With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies,

prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general.

做这道题的时候,我还是按照以前总结的顺序问题=〉原文=〉问题=〉选项。但是当我看完原文开始再看问题时,头脑一片空白。这是我今天早上半个小时18题中的第一道,当时心都凉了。不用说,这道题当然做错了。这也是我做过得最令人费解的CR之一。

=〉原文=〉问题=〉选项。但是当我看完原文开始再看问题时,头脑一片空白。这是我今天早上半个小时18题中的第一道,当时心都凉了。不用说,这道题当然做错了。这也是我做过得最令人费解的CR之一。

费解的原因,分析一下,主要有:

1。文章比较短,信息比较少。

2。生词比较多,看了就怕。

3。话题不熟悉,没有亲切感。

4。逻辑很晦涩,找不到北。

总之,我看了这道题以后彻底晕倒。混乱之中,选了C。当然,是错误的选项。

看了OG的解释,不明白,于是到CD上来,翻了以前的帖子,发现讨论这题的人不多,可能这道题对大多数人来说不是难题,而恰巧,又是我的盲点。

C。当然,是错误的选项。

看了OG的解释,不明白,于是到CD上来,翻了以前的帖子,发现讨论这题的人不多,可能这道题对大多数人来说不是难题,而恰巧,又是我的盲点。

OG的解释,不明白,于是到CD上来,翻了以前的帖子,发现讨论这题的人不多,可能这道题对大多数人来说不是难题,而恰巧,又是我的盲点。

仔细分析一下此题。“There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures”是原文的中心句,也是结论。第一遍阅读大多数人,像我,都可能不明白,于是继续看。破折号后面的应该是解释或者举例。在破折号后面的句子中虽说有很多生词,但大致的意思就是说不同地方(between different areas)的差别(variation)很大,其中,作者还引入了数字来证明。OK,既然后面的是解释和举例,那么我们还是将重点放到第一句话。至此,我们应该能大概理解,第一句话是说“地理因素差异存在于外科手术当中”,也就是说,地理因素的不同导致了很多外科手术的不同。(注:这里Frequency是什么意思暂且不论)

There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures”是原文的中心句,也是结论。第一遍阅读大多数人,像我,都可能不明白,于是继续看。破折号后面的应该是解释或者举例。在破折号后面的句子中虽说有很多生词,但大致的意思就是说不同地方(between different areas)的差别(variation)很大,其中,作者还引入了数字来证明。OK,既然后面的是解释和举例,那么我们还是将重点放到第一句话。至此,我们应该能大概理解,第一句话是说“地理因素差异存在于外科手术当中”,也就是说,地理因素的不同导致了很多外科手术的不同。(注:这里Frequency是什么意思暂且不论)

了解了原文大概的意思,我们回到问题。“To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?
            
在这里,我们可以发现,在问题当中,作者提出了结论,并且让我们结合原文,推出什么选项能support这个结论。在这里,结论是“much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures”。看看结论,我们可以发现,作者的想法是这些variation是由于很多不需要的procedures导致的。粗浅的分析一下,要证明这种想法,可能的方法就是证明variation不是由于其他的原因导致的。

To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?
    
在这里,我们可以发现,在问题当中,作者提出了结论,并且让我们结合原文,推出什么选项能support这个结论。在这里,结论是“much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures”。看看结论,我们可以发现,作者的想法是这些variation是由于很多不需要的procedures导致的。粗浅的分析一下,要证明这种想法,可能的方法就是证明variation不是由于其他的原因导致的。

现在,在分析完原文和问题后,我们看选项。

(A) A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary. ==> A选项提出的事实是每个医院的local董事会通过审查每个手术的记录来决定手术流程是否必要。显然,这提出了另外一种variation的原因,所以是错误选项。

(B) The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered. ==> B选项指出Variation,也就是不同的手术流程,并不是由于疾病不同而产生的。也就是说,B选项排除了variation产生的一些可能性。从另一方面,这种分析促进了conclusion。所以正确。

(C) There are several categories of surgical procedure (other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies) that are often performed unnecessarily. ==> C选项提出一些事实有很多不必要的procedures.咋看起来,好像正确,但其实,conclusion是说variation是由于unnecessary procedures。所以C选项偏离了结论的意思。

(D) For certain surgical procedures, it is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded. ==> procedure是否necessary的讨论偏离了结论。

(E) With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies,

prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general. ==> E选项偏得更远。

当然,考试的时候不可能这样分析,但平常训练的时候,认真分析对训练思路还是有帮助的。

另外,以后如果还碰到这种看了就晕倒的题目,一定要心定,多抽点时间分析。

Let's Fight,
Demon Hunter

7#
发表于 2007-12-18 13:29:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用ReedSong在2004-6-29 12:05:00的发言:

说一下我的理解:

1、geographical 与surgical 存在什么关系?

文中说:对于H/P/T三种病,不同地区在是否实施手术方面的比例差距很大,up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand between different areas:举例来说,A地区每一万例的病中,100例实施了手术,但在B地区,每一万例的病中,却多达1000实施了手术。所以文章得出结论:这种地区之间实施手术比例的变化是因为做了有很多不必要做的手术。(例如:认为B地区中的900例手术是其实没必要做的,但实际却做了。)

2.unnecessary surgical procedures 与geographical  variation 有什么关系?

文中的结论认为:unnecessary surgical procedures的存在是存在geographical  variation的原因。

3.necessary 与 unnecessary 之间的界限是怎么界定得?

文中并没有提到两者的界定问题。

答案B排除它因,从而对结论进行了加强。

另外关于做题时间的问题,我同意海水的看法,我也经历过这样一个转变过程,不保证做题速度的正确率,在实战中会比较吃亏。主要是一个习惯的养成,掐表逼迫自己加快速度,习惯了就好了。

8#
发表于 2007-12-18 13:33:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用cmz113在2007-10-16 18:49:00的发言:

我的理解:一些手术在频率上存在很大的地区差异,尤其H,P,T这三种,不同地方的差异高达109-1000倍不等,为了证明这种差异是由于一些不必要的手术造成的,需要确立什么样的条件?

A. 地方当局的观点确认经检查手术纪录后每个手术都是否必要

B. 差异无关那些影响到病例是否需要进行手术的因素(非手术方案)

C. 有若干手术方案(非H,P,T) 是不必要的

D. 对某些手术方案来说,很难在事后断定是否必要或是否有其他更成功的方案

E. 在反映手术无必要方面,H,P,T 具有总体代表性

这个体的目的是让证明,有些手术根本没必要作,但是有些地方的很多人却做了,所以地方总数差别很大。

B的意思是说这些差异独立于决定手术与否的各种考虑因素之外。也就是说有些人们手术时不在乎是不是确实需要手术。基本吻合

9#
 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-18 23:25:00 | 只看该作者
你还在啊,过几天我又要考了。
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