请教OG11(yellow)-CR-56

adai

56. Social scientists are underrepresented on the advisory councils of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Since these councils advise NIH directors and recommend policy, the underrepresentation of social scientists results in a relative lack of NIH financial support for research in the social sciences.

If the statements above are correct, they most strongly support which of the following?

(A)       A significant increase in the size of NIH advisory councils would be required in order to increase the representation of social scientists on these councils.

(B)       A significant increase in the representation of social scientists on NIH advisory councils would result in an increase in NIH funding for social science research.    `'       °

(C)      A significant increase in funding for social science research would result in improved policy^' recommendations to NIH directors.     -i     '

(D)      A significant increase in funding for the training of social scientists would result in an increase in the

number of social scientists on NIH advisory councils.                                                                    .

(E)       A significant increase in the representation of social scientists on NIH advisory councils would have to

precede any increase in the number of NIH directors who are social scientists.

为什么答案是B而不是C

得题目说 the underrepresentation --->lack of  financial support

而B说的是representation--->increase funding

C是逆否  increase in funding --->representation,因该更好

 

wangtsong

嗯，， 有道理。。。请指教。。。

adai

在B和C之间我也挣扎了好久

"A significant increase in the representation of social scientists on NIH advisory councils "的表述确比“improved policy recommendations to NIH directors”要好

不过真是逻辑推理的话，我还是选C。毕竟题目是要求 “most strongly support which of the following”

原命题－>逆否命题

GAMT中还有其他逆否推理存在吗？

adai

顶一下，希望大牛们指点一下

hollygrail

(C)      A significant increase in funding for social science research would result in improved policy^' recommendations to NIH directors.     -i     '

C看起来像是逆否命题:A->B <=> ~B->~A, 但是注意题目中用"result in",result in保证了A,B在时间上的先后的关系.在这里A: increase in recommendations B: increase in funding. A在先,B在后.而把任何B或者~B提出来当原因的答案都是错误的,因为犯了混淆因果的逻辑错误.

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-12-20 15:43:06编辑过]

adai

以下是引用hollygrail在2007-12-20 15:41:00的发言：

(C)      A significant increase in funding for social science research would result in improved policy^' recommendations to NIH directors.     -i     '

C看起来像是逆否命题:A->B <=> ~B->~A, 但是注意题目中用"result in",result in保证了A,B在时间上的先后的关系.在这里A: increase in recommendations B: increase in funding. A在先,B在后.而把任何B或者~B提出来当原因的答案都是错误的,因为犯了混淆因果的逻辑错误.

谢谢hollygrail的回复

因该考虑因果发生的先后，因先发生result in后发生的果。

zhiyinfeifei

Q

atc

继续说我的故事：朝中有人好办事！和这到题目一个道理。

sausau

对阿,b是逆命题，怎么会等于元命题呢？