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T-9-Q25. Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their fields late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs. Since creative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientists’ entry into the field, the study’s finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not due to age but rather because most have spent too long in their fields. In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? A. The first is the position that the argument as a whole depends; the second is evidence that is advanced as part of that evidence.
B. The first and second are both claims that have been advanced in support of a position that the argument as a whole opposes.
C. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second provides evidence in support of a competing explanation that the argument defends.
D. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is evidence that has been used against an alternative explanation that the argument defends.
E. The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge that explanation. Ans: C 注意,第二个BF位置有变,好像是最后一句话;同样题目在GWD24-40也有出现 GWD28-Q16:
Paper& rint is a chain of British stores selling magazines, books, and stationery products. In Britain, magazines’ retail prices are set by publishers, and the retailer’s share of a magazine’s retail price is 25 percent. Since Paper&rint’s margin on books and stationery products is much higher, the chain’s management plans to devote more of its stores’ shelf space to books and stationery products and reduce the number of magazine titles that its stores carry.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly argues that the plan, if put into effect, will not increase Paper&rint’s profits?
A. Recently magazine publishers, seeking to increase share in competitive sectors of the market, have been competitively cutting the retail prices of some of the largest circulation magazines.
B. In market research surveys, few consumers identify Paper&rint as a book or stationery store but many recognize and value the broad range of magazines it carries.
C. The publisher’s share of a magazine’s retail price is 50 percent, and the publisher also retains all of the magazine’s advertising revenue.
D. Consumers who subscribe to a magazine generally pay less per issue than they would if they bought the magazine through a retail outlet such as Paper&rint.
E. Some of Paper& Print’s locations are in small towns and represent the only retail outlet for books within the community.
Ans: B GWD21-Q30: In the past, most children who went sledding in the winter snow in Verland used wooden sleds with runners and steering bars. Ten years ago, smooth plastic sleds became popular; they go faster than wooden sleds but are harder to steer and slow. The concern that plastic sleds are more dangerous is clearly borne out by the fact that the number of children injured while sledding was much higher last winter than it was ten years ago. Which of the following, if true in Verland, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence cited? A. A few children still use traditional wooden sleds.
B. Very few children wear any kind of protective gear, such as helmets, while sledding.
C. Plastic sleds can be used in a much wider variety of snow conditions than wooden sleds can.
D. Most sledding injuries occur when a sled collides with a tree, a rock, or, another sled.
E. Because the traditional wooden sled can carry more than one rider, an accident involving a wooden sled can result in several children being injured. Ans: C Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb’s high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.
A. histidine is found in all parts of the plant—roots, stem, leaves, and flowers
B.
the herb’s high level of histidine production is found to be associated with an unusually low level of production of other amino acids
C. others of the closely related group of plants are also found to produce histidine in large quantities
D. cultivation of the herb in soil with high concentrations of the metals will, over an extended period, make the soil suitable for plants to which the metals are toxic
E. the concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturity E Gortland has long been narrowly self-sufficient in both grain and meat. However, as per capita income in Gortland has risen toward the world average, per capita consumption of meat has also risen toward the world average, and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat. Therefore, since per capita income continues to rise, whereas domestic grain production will not increase, Gortland will soon have to import either grain or meat or both. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? (A) The total acreage devoted to grain production in Gortland will soon decrease. (B) Importing either grain or meat will not result in a significantly higher percentage of Gortlanders' incomes being spent on food than is currently the case. (C) The per capita consumption of meat in Gortland is increasing at roughly the same rate across all income levels. (D) The per capita income of meat producers in Gortland is rising faster than the per capita income of grain producers. (E) People in Gortland who increase their consumption of meat will not radically decrease their consumption of grain.
E Q14: That the application of new technology can increase the productivity of existing coal mines is demonstrated by the case of Tribnia’s coal industry. Coal output per miner in Tribnia is double what it was five years ago, even though no new mines have opened. Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statement about coal output per miner in the passage? A. If the number of miners working in Tribnian coal mines has remained constant in the past five years, Tribnia’s total coal production has doubled in that period of time. B. Any individual Tribnian coal mine that achieved an increase in overall output in the past five years has also experienced an increase in output per miner. C. If any new coal mines had opened in Tribnia in the past five years, then the increase in output per miner would have been even greater than it actually was. D. If any individual Tribnian coal mine has not increased its output per miner in the past five years, then that mine’s overall output has declined or remained constant. E. In Tribnia the cost of producing a given quantity of coal has declined over the past five years. 答案是Ａ
As a large corporation in small country, Hachnut wants its managers to have international experience, so each year it sponsors management education abroad for its management trainees. Hachnut has found, however, that the attrition rate of graduates from this program is very high, with many of them leaving Hachnut to join competing firms soon after completing the program. Hachnut does use performance during the program as criterion in deciding among candidates for management positions, but both this function and the goal of providing international experience could be achieved in other ways. Therefore, if the attrition problem cannot be successfully addressed, Hachnut should discontinue the sponsorship program. In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles? GWD-17-Q30 In a study conducted in Pennsylvania, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers. Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? A. The “Thank you” messages would have the same impact on regular patrons of a restaurant as they would on occasional patrons of the same restaurant. B. Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their bills would not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits. C. The written “Thank you” reminds restaurant patrons that tips constitute a significant part of the income of many food servers. D. The rate at which people tip food servers in Pennsylvania does not vary with how expensive a restaurant is. E. Virtually all patrons of the Pennsylvania restaurants in the study who were given a bill with “Thank you” written on it left a larger tip than they otherwise would have. 答案：B
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发表于 2007-11-23 15:25:00
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