求助一题。。。

lovejoanne

A theory is either true or false. Galileo’s observations of Jupiter’s satellites showed that the Ptolemaic theory of the motion of celestial bodies is false. Therefore, since the Copernican theory of planetary motion is inconsistent with the Ptolemaic account, Galileo’s observations of Jupiter’s satellites proved the truth of the Copernican theory.

 

The argument above is open to the objection that it makes the questionable assumption that

 

1. Whoever first observed something inconsistent with the truth of the Ptolemaic theory should be credited with having proved that theory false.

2. There are some possible observations that would be inconsistent with the account given by the Copernican theory but consistent with the account given by the Ptolemaic theory.

3. The Ptolemaic and Copernican theories, being inconsistent, cannot both be based on exactly
                           the same evidence

4. Numerous counterexamples were necessary in order to show the Ptolemaic theory to be false

5. The Ptolemaic and Copernican theories, being inconsistent, cannot both be false.

apostlep43

The logic in the argument is as follows

(G observation-> P theory is false + C theory inconsistent to P theory -> G ob  -> C theory correct. The logical gap in this argument is that C theory's inconsistency to P theory -> C theory is correct.

A) wrong, since the argument is not about "whoever first should be accredited"

B) wrong, since it discusses about observation inconsistency between G and P, and G and C.

C) Wrong, if "cannot" change to "can", the sentence strengthens the argument instead of weaken the argument. Additionally, evidence is new definition that argument does not contain.

D) Wrong, if add "not" does not weaken argument

E) Correct, since if fills the logical gap. According to E), if P is false, then C is correct.

lovejoanne

thanks so much...I just want to make sure that my answer is correct...excuse me of lacking confidence...

billytang1980

这里有个问题啊，是questional assumption 所以阿，这里还有些疑惑，是E直接就是assumption