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有一点阅读补充材料: 第四篇：【经济】symptom economy
天高云淡, 760
onion 2003-10-20 23:00:12 2. The relation about symbol economy and the real Economy which means the transaction of the goods and the service. Symbol economy includes the capital flow etc. Traditionally theory believes that the real economy determines the capital flow. However the authors says nowadays the symbol grows more and more powerful.
Second paragraph, for example, in 1985, the volume of transaction of real economy is only 3 trillion, but the London XX capital transaction is 75 trillion. (question: why the author cite the LONDON XX, I think the key is the last sentence of the first paragraph to emphasize the strength of the symbol economy). Blabla….
Last paragraph: the author concludes that now the relationship between the two economy is going apart.
20050531 - 750（M 51 V40） 2/Symbol Economy myth（这篇长文章，题目也比较搞） （引用前人机经）第一段： 二战之后Symbol Economy一直是一个解不开得myth,二战后代替了Real Economy为主流。第二段：解释为什么代替了Real Economy,因为以前trade of service and product可以代表整个economy的含量，但现在伦敦的证券交易所却发现总的capital量不对。第三段：symbol Economy 与凯恩斯解说的又不一样，通常国内的贸易顺逆差决定国内的几个经济指标，一般一个国家的如果对外顺差大，势必国内失业率少，经济增长快，但是1985年美国和德国日本对比却不是这样。（有问题问到了日本，注意日本的特征）。第四段：所以得出结论，symbol Economy 已经不是原本意义上的，国家与国际经济区分越来越开。 （引用前人机经）1:最近以来世界经济遭受很大的变动.其中最obvious but the least understood的就是名目经济.虽然传统理论认为符号经济(trade, flow of capital, exchange rate等等)受国内的实质经济(the flow of service and goods)影响,但是好像某一段时期后的观察发现事实不太是如此. 2.在某一段时期符号经济曾经很夸张的成长.举例,当全球的flow of goods and services总值到3 trillion时,伦敦的证交所的trade值就有75 trillion了.但后来的期间虽然实质经济有成长,但名目经济却和以前相比没有太大变动. 3.Neither符号经济符合凯因斯的model,就是国内经济会影响trade再举例,最近的实证发现,(D4下考逻辑,请注意各自的贸易与就业关系,我的可能有点小差异)美国在一段时间虽然有很多的trade deficit,但其unemployment rate却低于几个major 工业国.然后美国的失业率又比德国低,虽然德国有trade surplus.然后日本和德国一样在export有很大的成长,但是其国内经济却持续疲软,也没有创造多的国内工作(有题,如果日本符合理论的话,下列何者为对) 4.结论,细节不清楚了,大意是最近这些变化显现国内经济和实际上是比较independent的。有一句比较记忆深刻：Although the U.S has trade deficit, its unemployment rate is below other countries except Japan. Surprisingly, German 有trade surplus，但unemployment rate很高。Japan 的trade surplus跟German一样，也是很高，但 suffer from sluggish economy and could not generate more job opportunity。有一道题问关于日本的什么问题令作者觉得surprise，选日本没有产生更多的职位空缺。 （我的补充）有一道题目问什么可以推论出来？要小心，这题选A，1985年以前全球的flow of goods and services总值增长了很多，文章里面用了个词突出了一下这个增长，说是到了1985年增长了3 trillion，然后又转折，说是还是比伦交所的75 trillion小多了。我开始忽略了这个选项，后来BCDE怎么都觉得不对劲，才看到这个A，昏，变态啊，居然这个考！
0918 台北機經 M:51/ V: 28 Total 670 第二篇有關經濟類(以下複製前人機經)
第一段主要就在講近年來有些現象很奇怪，而且有一很難解釋。就是symbol economy，包括credit什麼的，其實就是資本市場。第二段先講TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES近年來增長的很多，有3 trillion，可是資本市場增長更大。然後這裡舉了個倫敦資本市場的例子，說capital flow有幾百trillion. 這裡出了個題目，問舉這個例子的作用。我選的是emphasize 這個量很大吧，應該對的，其他選項好像比較無關。然後就說這個現象不符合道統的經濟學理論: 原來認為是trade決定了資本市場的流動。第三段好像又講這個現象也不符合凱恩斯的理論︰認為資本市場是決定貿易量的。這裡好像也出了個題目吧。。不太記得了。。。最後好像是總結了一句話說原來interdependent elements 越來越apart了，具體記得不是很清楚。有個主題題，我選的是conventional economics theory不再適用了，我記得還有個選項說economics of a nations are determined by factors other than trade，當時徘徊了下，但是感覺OTHER THAN太絕對了。。所以沒選了。。僅供參考啊。。。
第十一篇
【历史】美国的Chinese exclusion act问题
美国华人移民法
Chinese-American Men,
between 1890 and 1910(?)
History of the American West, 1860-1920
After the Civil War, immigrants again began to stream to the United States. Between 1870 and 1900, nearly 12 million immigrants arrived--more foreign-born people than had come to the country in the preceding 70 years. During the 1870s and 1880s, the majority came from Germany, Ireland, and England--the principal source of immigration before the Civil War. Even so, a relatively large group of Chinese immigrated to the United States between the start of the California gold rush in 1849 and 1882, when federal law stopped their immigration.
While the majority of immigrants came to settle in the United States permanently, many worked for a time and returned home with whatever savings they had set aside from their work. The majority of Chinese immigrants, for example, were single men who worked for a while and returned home. At first, they were attracted to North America by the gold rush in California. Many prospected for gold on their own or labored for other miners. Soon, many opened their own businesses such as restaurants, laundries, and other personal service concerns. After the gold rush, Chinese immigrants worked as agricultural laborers, on railroad construction crews throughout the West, and in low-paying industrial jobs.
With the onset of hard economic times in the 1870s, other immigrants and European Americans began to compete for the jobs traditionally reserved for the Chinese. With economic competition came dislike and even racial suspicion and hatred. Such feelings were accompanied by anti-Chinese riots and pressure, especially in California, for the exclusion of Chinese immigrants from the United States. The result of this pressure was the Chinese
Exclusion
Act, passed by Congress in 1882. This Act virtually ended Chinese immigration for nearly a century. As the following documents suggest, there were many opinions about this issue.
14、讲加州农业和中国移民在其中起的作用
12月14日新JJ：
[版本一]Contributions and influence of Chinese immigrants in California during after 1870. Basically same as in old JJ.
Para 1. Pre 1860, basically no chinese immigrants. 1870 therafter, large numbers of chinese immigrants. Their significant work included a levee along a stupid river. consequently enabling a large area of the river valley thrived as agricultural land.
Para 2. Enacting Chinese
Exclusion
Act in another year basically reduced Chinese immigration to none in most part of USA, so most people claimed. Author believes in a damned loacality, it was not so.
Para. Give example of the legacy and influence of the damned locality's Chinese: including introduction of contract labor, land tenancy.
Question 1. Which of the following is analogous to contract labor?
Choice: Secretary hired out by Temp agency (on contract)(butI believe the words 'on contract'were not specifically written)
Question2. What is the relationship of para 2 to 3?
Choice. in Para 2 author made a claim, and in para 3 he substiate with evidence
Qestion 3. What is the greatest caccomplishments of Chinese immigrants?
Tricky choices
Choice 1. The building of the levee
Choice 2. the introduction of contract labor system/land tenancy into California.
Qestion 4. what canbe infered about the chinese immigrants before 1860?
Choice: Aren't many of them in California yet.
[版本二]讲南加州与中国移民－80行四题
CALIFORNIA的中国移民，一段讲CALIFORNIA什么时候开始、为什么HIRE中国人，二、三
段讲一法案对此ACTION的影响。有问二、三段的关系的；为什么HIRE中国人；中国人对
CALIFORNIA的agriculture的功劳，关于RECLAIM等。
我记得当中有一段说“从1860年起，随着加州农业的发展，人力资源严重短缺，因此farmer开始雇用immigrant，主要是中国移民。”
有一题文，在加州1860年前，关于加州农业的人力情况那个是正确的。
12月12日：
one is the contributions of chinese immigrant to California.
附上周JJ：
[版本一]另一篇是CALIFORNIA的中国移民，一段讲CALIFORNIA什么时候开始、为什么HIRE中国人，二、三段讲一法案对此ACTION的影响。有问二、三段的关系的；为什么HIRE中国人；中国人对CALIFORNIA的agriculture的功劳，关于RECLAIM等。
其它不是很记得了，反正没有近两月机经上出现过的题目。
[版本二]美国移民政策对中国的不公，历史学家认为是偶然现象，但是却导致了以后的相关法律有了参照，因此有不良影响
[版本三]十九世纪由于对中国移民的限制出现了移民署，以及后来对制定移民法的影响,这个law对美国移民的相关法律及机构的影响挺深远的.。Chinese Immigration Act原来的历史学家们认为它怎么怎么不好，作者认为它还是有一定的积极意义的。
注：下面这个选项是另一G友的选项
记得有一题问：从文中能推出以下那一条关于中国移民的说法正确。
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发表于 2007-10-28 09:15:00
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