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A major chemical spill occurred five years ago at Baker's Beach, the world's sole nesting ground for Merrick sea turtles, and prevented nearly all the eggs laid that year from hatching. Yet the number of adult female Merricks returning to lay their eggs at Baker's Beach has actually increased somewhat since five years ago. Clearly, environmentalists' prediction that the world's Merrick population would decline as a result of the spill has proven unfounded.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument offered in refutation of the environmentalists' prediction?

正确答案: B

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GWD30-Q32

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楼主
发表于 2007-10-10 11:48:00 | 只看该作者

GWD30-Q32

A major chemical spill occurred five years ago at Baker’s Beach, the world’s sole nesting ground for Merrick sea turtles, and prevented nearly all the eggs laid that year from hatching.  Yet the number of adult female Merricks returning to lay their eggs at Baker’s Beach has actually increased somewhat since five years ago.  Clearly, environmentalists’ prediction that the world’s Merrick population would decline as a result of the spill has proven unfounded.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument offered in refutation of the environmentalists’ prediction?

 

  1. The chemical spill five years ago occurred at a time when there were neither Merrick sea turtles nor Merrick sea turtle eggs on Baker’s Beach.
  2. Female Merrick sea turtles begin returning to Baker’s Beach to lay their eggs when they are ten years old.
  3. Under normal conditions, only a small proportion of hatchling female Merrick sea turtles survive in the ocean until adulthood and return to lay their eggs at Baker’s Beach.
  4. Environmental pressures unrelated to the chemical spill have caused a significant decline in the population of one of the several species of sea birds that prey on Merrick sea turtle eggs.
  5. After the chemical spill, an environmental group rejected a proposal to increase the Merrick sea turtle population by transferring eggs from Baker’s Beach to nearby beaches that had not been affected by the spill.

答案选B,我觉得A也很有说服力啊,如何理解B比A更好?谢谢。

沙发
发表于 2008-2-19 15:58:00 | 只看该作者
Why is B the correct answer??
板凳
发表于 2008-8-5 16:48:00 | 只看该作者

此题应该选B。

(A) 是对原文的前提进行削弱,而不是对结论或者推理过程。注意原文中有把当年所有的蛋干掉的句子,这说明,当年有蛋。如果没有蛋,时态上不会用过去时(prevented nearly all the eggs laid that year from hatching...),会用虚拟或者用表示过去时态的条件句。不从这个角度看,A对非e(反对e的人)的观点进行削弱,因为非e的推理是:“来产卵的M母龟近5年来增加 == > M龟口未受CP影响”,选了A只说明5年前污染的时候没有龟,但是那个污染是不是可以延续5年,这个不知道;选A的人主要想推翻的是“来产卵的M母龟近5年来增加”不等于他们的繁殖活动增强了,可是注意“无证明不等于证否”,这个事实同样不能说明他们龟口下降(注意这个才是结论,不是繁殖力,是龟口)了,所以对非e的观点无法攻击。

最后,回归到逻辑的基本题型,我认为这是削弱题(assumption类),其非e的推理假定就是“龟是一年产一次卵”,所以近5年来有增加,说明一切正常(其实比正常还好一点),但是削弱就说他们基本10年产一次,所以,近5年来的增加完全不说明问题,这比A更近一些。同时,这也是说5年前沙滩上的龟蛋都被干掉了,所以龟口当然会下降。两个加在一起,比A好。

欢迎讨论。


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-5 16:55:47编辑过]
地板
发表于 2008-8-5 17:36:00 | 只看该作者

楼主再看问题问的是什么

结论说: 环境学家说海龟数量下降是没有根据的

问题问削弱,削弱谁呢?不是削弱环境学家的话,而是削弱“说下降没有根据”这个refutation

简单的说,就是找一个选项,说明海龟数量下降了,就是削弱,就是答案

A选项说,化学品泄漏的时候,没有海龟也没有蛋,意思就是海龟没有收到影响,也就是说海龟数量没下降

这明显是一个加强结论。。

5#
发表于 2009-5-8 17:41:00 | 只看该作者
why B ?  ridiculous
6#
发表于 2009-5-8 17:45:00 | 只看该作者
乌龟10岁才回去产卵,而spill发生在5年以前,说明那些乌龟还没有受到影响,他们是10年前出生的
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