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Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women's emancipation in Western societies．Arguments in what could be called the＂relational＂feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of＂equality in difference＂or equity as distinct from equality．They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women's pro-creative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women．By contrast, the individualist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and celebrates women's quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities． Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual．Between 1890 and 1920，however, relational feminism，which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought, and which still predominates among European and non Western feminists，lost ground in England and the United States．Because the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition，individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries．At the same time，the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable．Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for a11．Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for a11 women，continued to emphasize women's special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers；they demanded special treatment for women，including protective legislation for women workers，state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework． Relational arguments have a major pitfall：because they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege．But the individualist approach，by attacking gender roles，denying the significance of physiological difference，and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal，has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women．If the individualist framework, with its claim for women's autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge．
82． According to the author, which of the following was true of feminist thought in Western societies before 1890? (A)Individualist feminist arguments were not found in the thought or writing of non-English-speaking feminists． (B)Individualist feminism was a strain in feminist thought，but another strain，relational feminism, predominated． (C)Relational and individualist approaches were equally prevalent in feminist thought and writing. (D)The predominant view among feminists held that the welfare of women was ultimately less important than the welfare of children． (E)The predominant view among feminists held that the sexes should receive equal treatment under the law．
Supporting ideas To answer this question，look at what the author states in fines 16-20, where the years before and after 1890 are discussed．The second paragraph begins by explaining that the two feminisms coexisted up until the late nineteenth century, although relational feminism had been the dominant strain in feminist thought． A If relational feminism was the dominant strain of the two views that coexisted, the individualist arguments must have existed as well． B Correct．Lines 19-20 explicitly state that relational feminism had been the dominant strain in feminist thought before 1890． C The passage shows that the two feminisms were not equally prevalent；relational feminism predominated． D No evidence in the passage supports this statement． E The passage does not show that most feminists before 1890 took this position． The correct answer is B．
我看了解释分明是说BETWEEN1890-1920那不就是1890年以后吗?哪里是以前啊!所以根本不明白这个解释.
还有 81． According to the passage，relational feminists and individualist feminists agree that (A) individual human rights take precedence over most other social claims (B) the gender-based division of labor in society should be eliminated (C) laws guaranteeing equal treatment for all citizens regardless of gender should be passed (D) a greater degree of social awareness concerning the Importance of motherhood would be beneficial to society (E) the same educational and economic opportunities should be available to both sexes Supporting ideas This question asks for information that is explicitly stated in the passage in slightly different language．While the passage is largely devoted to the differences between the two feminisms．1ines 28—32 indicate a point of convergence．Individualist feminists believe in equal rights for all. Relational feminists believe that equal educational and economic opportunities should be available to women． A Only individualist feminists believe that individual rights are most important(1ines10_15)． B Relational feminists do believe in a gender-based division of labor (lines 5一l0)． C Lines 30．37 show that relational feminists do not believe in gender—blind equal rights 1aws． D Only relational feminists believe in the importance of women's special contribution to society(1ine 33)． E Correct．Practitioners of both feminisms believe that equal educational and economic opportunities should be available to both sexes The correct answer is E．
此题的理解我觉得解释有点牵强。而且在文中也不明朗.如果都这样出题的话，那我们想问题就真是困难了。这分明就象是考验我们的辨别力,在一幅图中找出不同的部分。好难啊.而且这样出题的意义何在呢?这类问题出现得多吗?
谢谢大家帮忙了。 | 
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发表于 2007-10-4 10:23:00
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