再问Prep-T2-Essay 6

dennyhuang

Essay #6.  196   (22098-!-item-!-188;#058&00196-00)

According to P. F. Drucker, the management philosophy known as Total Quality Management (TQM), which is designed to be adopted consistently throughout an organization and to improve customer service by using sampling theory to reduce the variability of a product's quality, can work successfully in conjunction with two older management systems.  As Drucker notes, TQM's scientific approach is consistent with the statistical sampling techniques of the "rationalist" school of scientific management, and the organizational structure associated with TQM is consistent with the social and psychological emphases of the "human relations" school of management.

 

However, TQM cannot simply be grafted onto these systems or onto certain other non-TQM management systems.  Although, as Drucker contends, TQM shares with such systems the ultimate objective of increasing profitability, TQM requires fundamentally different strategies.  While the other management systems referred to use upper management decision-making and employee specialization to maximize shareholder profits over the short term, TQM envisions the interests of employees, shareholders, and customers as convergent.  For example, lower prices not only benefit consumers but also enhance an organization's competitive edge and ensure its continuance, thus benefiting employees and owners.  TQM's emphasis on shared interests is reflected in the decentralized decision-making, integrated production activity, and lateral structure of organizations that achieve the benefits of TQM.

 

Question #19.  196-01    (22144-!-item-!-188;#058&000196-01)

 

The primary purpose of the passage is to

 

(A) point out contradictions in a new management system

(B) compare and contrast the objectives of various management systems

(C) identify the organizational features shared by various management systems

(D) explain the relationship of a particular management system to certain other management systems

(E) explain the advantages of a particular management system over certain other management systems

答案选对了,但有疑问,看了以前的帖子都没有提到我的问题

我理解正确选项D中的particular management system 是指TQM, 但TQM不是system呀,它是management philosophy呀

philosophy是理念,而其它是管理系统.