[求助]Prep- P1- Essay #13

yayaangel

Essay #13.  281    (23223-!-item-!-188;#058&00281-00)

 

Comparable worth, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay, insists that the values of certain tasks performed in dissimilar jobs can be compared.  In the last decade, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so.

 

This widespread institutional awareness of comparable worth indicates increased public awareness that pay inequities--that is, situations in which pay is not "fair" because it does not reflect the true value of a job--exist in the labor market.  However, the question still remains:  have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?

 

Comparable worth pay adjustments are indeed precedent-setting.  Because of the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs.  But whenever comparable worth principles are applied to pay schedules, perceived unjustified pay differences are eliminated.  In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive than other mandates, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer.  Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; may carry similar responsibility; may be carried on in an environment having a similar impact upon the worker; and may have a similar dollar value to the employer.

谁能帮我解释一下highlight成绿色的那部分的意思？谢谢。

horizonlily

关键是precedent-setting是什么意思？

yayaangel

对，就是这个词不理解

ilovecushi

However, the question still remains:  have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?

我也才做完這一篇 不確定自己講的對不

你參考看看

如不正確 請指證

然而 問題仍存在 所得是否已根據comparable worth原則還是這只是短暫的 所得依然依據前人設的準則而發給呢?一種讓女性員工相性他們他們被發給長期合理工資的讓步行為

qxlsh

问题如下，细节地方居然没看懂，全错了：（

Question #43.  281-01  (23269-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-01)

 

Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage?

 

(A) To criticize the implementation of a new procedure

(B) To assess the significance of a change in policy

(C) To illustrate how a new standard alters procedures

(D) To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases

(E) To summarize the changes made to date as a result of social policy

 

Question #44.  281-03  (23315-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-03)

 

According to the passage, which of the following is true of comparable worth as a policy?

 

(A) Comparable worth policy decisions in pay-inequity cases have often failed to satisfy the complainants.

(B) Comparable worth policies have been applied to both public-sector and private-sector employee pay schedules.

(C) Comparable worth as a policy has come to be widely criticized in the past decade.

(D) Many employers have considered comparable worth as a policy but very few have actually adopted it.

(E) Early implementations of comparable worth policies resulted in only transitory gains in pay equity.

 

Question #45.  281-07  (23364-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-07)

 

It can be inferred from the passage that application of "other mandates" (see highlighted text) would be unlikely to result in an outcome satisfactory to the female employees in which of the following situations?

 

<need to be fixed>

 

(A)  I only

(B)  II only

(C)  III only

(D)  I and II only

(E)  I and III only

 

Question #46.  281-09  (23410-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-09)

 

Which of the following best describes an application of the principles of comparable worth as they are described in the passage?

 

(A) The current pay, rates of increase, and rates of promotion for female mechanics are compared with those of male mechanics.

(B) The training, skills, and job experience of computer programmers in one division of a corporation are compared to those of programmers making more money in another division.

(C) The number of women holding top executive positions in a corporation is compared to the number of women available for promotion to those positions, and both tallies are matched to the tallies for men in the same corporation.

(D) The skills, training, and job responsibilities of the clerks in the township tax assessor's office are compared to those of the much better-paid township engineers.

(E) The working conditions of female workers in a hazardous-materials environment are reviewed and their pay schedules compared to those of all workers in similar environments across the nation.

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-1-28 21:49:07编辑过]

Jialana

However, the question still remains:  have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?

precendent- setting 是指的“开创的先河”的意思吧。 第二段的最后一句意思是仍然有疑问这个comparable worth 到底是开创了一种真正公平的先例，还是仅仅是一种过渡，雇主想先让女雇员们相信他们得到了公平，这只是雇主的一种妥协而已。               啊， 不是牛牛，个人理解。

boozy

尽管公众日益认识到在劳动市场中普遍存在着分配不公的现象，人们仍然无法回答下述问题：通过比较价值原则实现了薪酬公平，从这种薪酬公平所获得的收益究竟是人们（从全文看，尤其指女性）本来就应该得到的，还是雇主为了误导女性雇员以为她们得到了长期的薪酬公平而不得不偶而做出的一些妥协。

这里，precedent-setting nature是指先天性的、前提性、预先设定好的天然规律。如同上帝设定的、应该应份的、不需要证明的道理。

ciciW

楼上棒！！！！！！！！！

紫苵枫

时隔多年，依旧被这个问题困扰。于是问了个老外。
老外说：
it means the beginning of something that will stay permanently. its the opposite of transitory which means temporary.
so the article is asking whether more equal pay for women is permanent or only a temporary thing.