GWD 求教

shiguang

1.         GWD-24-Q22
            

Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow-up x-ray because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.

 

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A)     Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.

B)     Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed by the x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.

C)     X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.

D)     The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray.

E)     Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone other than ankle bones.

C   

1.        T-3-Q3.
                            

Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests. According to farmers’ report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not. Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.

 

Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?

 

A.      Whether farmers who tried the modified cotton seed had ever tried growing other crops from genetically modified seed.

B.      Whether the insecticides typically used on ordinary cotton tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops.

C.     Whether for most farms who grow cotton it is their primary crop

D.     Whether the farmers who have tried the modified speed planted as many acres of cotton, on average, as farmers using the ordinary seed did.

E.      Whether most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide.

B 

1.        T-9-Q2.
                                            

Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government ‘s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

 

1. Some of the by-products of processing cashews are used for manufacturing plants and plastics

2. Other countries in which cashews are processed subsidize their processing plants

3. More people in kernland are engaged in farming cashews than in processing them

4. Buying unprocessed cashews at lower than world market prices enables cashew processors in kernland to sell processed nuts at competitive prices

5. A lack of profitable crops is driving an increasing number of small farmers in kernland off their land and into the cities

E     

1.        GWD-17-Q9

Press Secretary:  Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.  They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts.  But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors.  So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.

 

Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?

 

1. Canceling highway projects was not the only way for the President to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.

2. The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the President’s party.

3. The number of projects canceled was a significant proportion of all the highway projects that were to be undertaken by the government in the near future.

4. The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the President’s party were not generally more expensive than the projects canceled in districts controlled by opposition parties.

5. Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties as a source of objective assessments of government projects.

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1.        GWD-17-Q11

Some species of Arctic birds are threatened by recent sharp increases in the population of snow geese, which breed in the Arctic and are displacing birds of less vigorous species.  Although snow geese are a popular quarry for hunters in the southern regions where they winter, the hunting season ends if and when hunting has reduced the population by five percent, according to official estimates.  Clearly, dropping this restriction would allow the other species to recover.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

 

1. Hunting limits for snow geese were imposed many years ago in response to a sharp decline in the population of snow geese.

2. It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date.对？？？
3. The number of snow geese taken by hunters each year has grown every year for several years.

4. As their population has increased, snow geese have recolonized wintering grounds that they had not used for several seasons.

5. In the snow goose’s winter habitats, the goose faces no significant natural predation.