新题63篇的第一篇

chanmidy

Passage 1 (1/63)

(This passage was written in 1978.)

Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentagto figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.

这句华怎么翻译阿，for 到底是做因为，还是做 对....而言

frustrating 的主语到底是谁阿

4.     The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses

(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government

(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors（A）

(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts    

christyding

for 是对  而言，大概的意思是在企业并购世界中，需要精密的正式的估算和出价对于小企业来说不利。

joyspring

同意for 是对……而言

但我觉得corporate purchasing在这好像不该理解为公司并购（Merger and Acquisition）。

这句话之前文章在讲如果分包合同因为某些原因减少，小公司面临的固定费用对其是不利的。接着如果有讲公司并购的影响有点偏离这个分论点，而且与整篇文章主题也不一致。

我理解这句话的大意是：大公司的采购世界对小公司而言是frustaing的，因为要求小公司详细的作出正式估算和报价。后一句接着讲了具体的frustrating的情况

第4题我做的时候也痛苦很久，觉得应该是个推论题。文章讲了小公司失去一个分包合同的结果 both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.，相应推出大公司的情况应该就是A选项了。

不过这段最后一句话的语法结构实在是没看太懂，Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.

求牛人指点。