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asupls

When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car  Porters, he began a ten-year battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the largest private employer of Black people in the United States and the company that controlled the railroad industry’s sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a major corporation. Randolph’s efforts in the battle helped transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually, Randolph helped to weaken organized labor’s antagonism toward Black workers.

In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable obstacles. The first was Black workers’ understandable skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.

The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages, however, including Randolph’s own tactical abilities. In 1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as wage earner
      . In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities; their segregated life protected the union’s internal communications from interception. That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters’ representative.

Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where it became the equal of the Federation’s 105 other unions. He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood would be in a better position to exert pressure on member unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restrictions were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944.

3.    The passage suggests which of the following about the response of porters to the Pullman Company’s own union?

(A) Few porters ever joined this union.

(B) Some porters supported this union before 1935.

(C) Porters, more than other Pullman employees, enthusiastically supported this union.

(D) The porters’ response was most positive after 1935.（B）

(E) The porters’ response was unaffected by the general skepticism of Black workers concerning unions.

5.    The passage suggests that in the 1920’s a company in the United States was able to

(A) use its own funds to set up a union

(B) require its employees to join the company’s own union

(C) develop a single labor policy for all its employees with little employee dissent

(D) pressure its employees to contribute money to maintain the company’s own union（A）

(E) use its resources to prevent the passage of federal legislation that would have facilitated the formation of independent unions

想请教两个问题：

Q3的讨论我看了另一篇帖子，但没能解释我的疑问，原文说“In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable obstacles. The first was Black workers’ understandable skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity.” 几位NN说因为这句话“the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity”说明pullman union是有black work support。但是原文还有一句话"which had historically barred Black workers from membership"这不是说明pullman's union不接受black member吗？而且下文的“the union that Pullman itself had formed, which weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity”可以理解为因为P union之前的恶行，让black worker对于union彻底失望了，所以也没啥兴趣再搞一个independent union了，而不是因为他们中有人support pullman's union.

Q5我的问题是，这道题我定位在“But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters’ representative.” 请问大家从什么地方看出来1920's的时候”a company in the United States was able to use its own funds to set up a union“的啊？

谢谢大家了！！！！

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-5-15 23:48:30编辑过]

asupls

对了，补充一下，我的Q3选了A, Q5选了C

asupls

ding

starist

看不懂

eaglesmile

But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters’ representative.
这部分的意思是直到1930's，联邦立法才禁止公司出钱建立自己公司的工会。反过来，说明在30年代以前，公司是可以自己出钱维持自己的工会的。

DeliciaAn

eaglesmile 发表于 2007-11-23 18:55
But it was only in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining ...

亲亲，不知道现在还上线不？关于你的翻译我有个小的疑问啊，原文说的是maintain，而第5题中的a选项是set up,维持可能是自己掏钱，但是建立就不好说了啊。。。。
所以还是有点疑惑呢。