LSAT 8-1-14 8-2-9 帮忙看看吧

轻骑兵

14. Professor: Members of most species are able to communicate with other members of the same species, but it is not true that all communication can be called "language." The human communication system unquestionably qualifies as language. In fact, using language is a trait without which we would not be human.

Student: I understand that communication by itself is not language, but how do you know that the highly evolved communication systems of songbirds, dolphins, honeybees, and apes, for example, are not languages?

The student has interpreted the professor's remarks to mean that

(A) different species can have similar defining traits

(B) every human trait except using language is shared by at least one other species

(C) not all languages are used to communicate

(D) using language is a trait humans do not share with any other species

(E) humans cannot communicate with members of other species

答案是D，但学生本身是在提问，并没有对老师的话作出什么解释啊，这其中有什么逻辑关系呢

9. Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson's disease. This fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson's disease. Thus brain scans can be used to determine who is likely to develop Parkinson's disease.

The argument contains which one of the following reasoning errors?

(A) It fails to establish that other methods that can be used to diagnose Parkinson's disease are less accurate than brain scans.

(B) It overestimates the importance of early diagnosis in determining appropriate treatments for people suffering from Parkinson's disease.

(C) It mistakes a correlation between the type of brain damage described and Parkinson's disease for a causal relation between the two.

(D) It assumes that people would want to know as early as possible whether they were likely to develop Parkinson's disease.

{E} It neglects to specify how the information provided by brain scans could be used either in treating Parkinson's disease or in monitoring the progression of the disease.
答案是B，可光是看B也没有看出什么逻辑上的错误，倒是原文里说的 but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson's disease.觉得很奇怪，为什么不是 Parkinson's disease  causes brain damage 呢，没有什么逻辑可以得出原文中的结论啊，不过按照做题的傻瓜原则，就当它是对的，选B也是让我感觉莫名其妙
谢谢高手指点了

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-15 22:34:52编辑过]

Marrow

1.题目的意思是问孩子怎么理解教授的话，按照孩子的话，即是只有人用语言，其它c都不是。
2.你的答案有误.应是c.author很明显substitute a casual relation between those 2.

轻骑兵

第一题，孩子只是在提问，为什么其他动物用的就不是语言呢，疑问的方式就能够推出 using language is a trait humans do not share with any other species 吗？
你吃过饭了吗，难道可以被理解为哦，你已经吃饱了啊  ？？

第二题答案就是B,黄皮书上是，ELSAT也是，麻烦再看看了

Marrow

hoho,骑兵，“为啥其他动物就用的不是语言呢”，then what the child mean? other creatures' communications are not languages,which is a response from the p's words.
ur examples may be more convincing like that:你吃过饭了,没吃过的不可能是你。then the child can response:其他人吃的不是饭? then,here what the child interprete from such words--你的话说只有我吃的是饭，凭啥说其他人吃的不是饭呢？

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-16 11:13:24编辑过]

Marrow

as to 2.,I insist on my answer,hoho,its' not a quite complex "such fallacy" question.as to b,you think it has anything to do with the argument?

轻骑兵

第二题同意你的意见，认为答案有误
但是第一题你说other creatures' communications are not languages,我有异议
1，it is not true that all communication can be called "language." 这并不代表只有人的communication才是语言
2，using language is a trait without which we would not be human. 也就是说using language只是成为人的一个必要条件
由上面两个原因无法推出只有人才有语言啊，完全可以有另外一种communication也是可以被称为语言的，而使用这种语言的是另外一种动物，语言又不是成为人的充分条件
另，你的例子我还是看不懂，学生都是用HOW来提问的，还没有搞清老师说的是什么，又谈何对老师所说的进行解释呢？还是不懂

Marrow

hoho,那不是解释，是对老师话的理解。
举个例子：我问：你是怎么知道我错的？这里我的假设是什么？是你认为我错了，对不？
那同样的，孩子问你是怎么知道其他的不是语言呢？那这小孩的假设是什么？是认为那老师说其他的不是语言。

轻骑兵

EXCELENT!!!
佩服，呵呵