CR/公共牧场题

Prison_Break

蓝皮书 Page 520 第86题
            

Hardin argued that grazing land held in common (that is, open to any user) would always be used less carefully than private grazing land. Each rancher would be tempted to overuse common land because the benefits would accrue to the individual, while the costs of reduced land quality that results from overuse would be spread among all users. But a study comparing 217 million acres of common grazing land with 433 million acres of private grazing land showed that the common land was in better condition.

86. Which of the following, if true and known by the ranchers, would best help explain the results of the study?

(A) With private grazing land, both the costs and the benefits of overuse fall to the individual user.

(B) The cost in reduced land quality that is attributable to any individual user is less easily measured with common land than it is with private land.

(C) An individual who overuses common grazing land might be able to achieve higher returns than other users can, with the result that he or she would obtain a competitive advantage.

(D) If one user of common land overuses it even slightly, the other users are likely to do so even more, with the consequence that the costs to each user outweigh the benefits.

(E)There are more acres of grazing land held privately than there are held in common.

正确答案: D

解释题. 解释公共牧地的情况好.

沸沸解释: D选项. 当一个放牧者稍微过度使用公共牧地, 其他人可能更加过度使用, 这样, 每个人的获得/benefit 就小于成本/costs, 这样, 公共牧地的放养就少, 所以情况好.

我的解释: 我起初觉得E更好.因为对样本提出了质疑. 但是E作为削弱可能更好些. 不过,沸沸的解释也颇为牵强啊.

你们有更好的解释和解题方法吗?

happyapt2006

我觉得这道题狒狒的思路还是非常经典的，说白了就是‘benefit<cost’才会导致common的land情况比私人牧场好。

我的推理是这样子的：公共牧场的情况好=使用公共牧场profit<cost（相比于私人牧场），选项中就找能够说服这点的就可以。自己感觉涉及到经济问题或利益问题，GMAT还是非常遵循经济里的一些基本原理，比如成本和收益的问题等等（发言不带有代表性）

对于E项，如果满足profit>cost，两者相差根本不是问题。(取非，结论会受影响吗？)

Prison_Break

谢谢

能问下吗? 是什么因素使你想到了 从"我的推理是这样子的：公共牧场的情况好=使用公共牧场profit<cost（相比于私人牧场），选项中就找能够说服这点的就可以。'下手??

gonghao

我们要找一个选项能解释"为什么common land 可以过度使用但是情况却比Private land的情况好呢？“

记得有过一个解释：common land已开始时土地情况就是比private land好

但是这里没有， 但是题目里提到了cost和profit，可以从这里入手。如果cost>profit那么大家都会注意点使用common land，因为成本是平摊的。D

happyapt2006

部分同意楼上，‘common land已开始时土地情况就是比private land好’一定程度上可选，但是题目中有强调'benefits''cost'，我觉得选项D还是perfect的

借着这句话想起了OG10-100那道optical illusion的题目。里面‘速度相等’成为可以比较的有力支持，同样这里如果有‘common land已开始时土地情况就是比private land好’会对其结果有影响（换句话说，借用OG10-100的解释A,本来就较好现在还是较好，所提供的理论支持也没有反驳）。

太罗嗦了，一句话如果楼上说的话作为选项的话，我觉得应当是作为weaken里的选项，题目也要稍作改动。