OG-212

joywzy

212.    The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.
(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving
(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve
(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving
(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving
(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

为何OG说E：with the aim to 短语修饰的是The Baldrick Manufacturing Company ，而不policy?

而根据lyricling的修饰总结，介词短语前面有名词的，优先作定语。这不是矛盾了吗？
不明白啊。能讲讲吗？谢谢。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-9 10:05:22编辑过]

joywzy

up.

dandan74

我认为现在语法的难度已经超出了只凭借一个语法点来选择的范围，所以OG虽然说可以修饰
The Baldrick Manufacturing Compan，但这不能用来做唯一的判据，而需要结合其它的判据才能得出结果。个人认为除了少数的语法点，很多的语法点都有例外，不许根据实际的意思来判断。本剧中, with the aim of ..既可以做定语修饰policy，又可以做状语修饰主句的主谓结构，是有些歧义，但主要的判据还是平行结构， to do and to do 修饰aim不好。


另外一个例子：
Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.
(A) fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves
(B) fund, the intention of which is to sustain the state’s economy after they have exhausted their oil reserves
(C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
(D) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves
(E) fund that they intend to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted

天山

OG的解释没有错。 “Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to plicy"
OG是认为with ..存在这种修饰歧义的可能，所以不可取。
介词短语前面有名词的，优先作定语，但是应该在不至于造成歧义的情况下才能使用这一所谓规则。
The school board ruling mandating that physically handicapped  be placed in regular classroom settings whenever possible also assured children with reading problems of special aid.
with reading problems 不会造成修饰歧义。

In a leveraged buyout, investors borrow huge sums of money to buy companies, hoping to pay off the debt with the company’s earnings and to profit richly by the later resale of the companies or their divisions.
with the company’s earnings 不会被人认为修饰debt,是表示主语动作的一种方式，也不会造成歧义。

The principal has sought approval for her plan to grant promotions to only those seven-grade students proficient in reading without meeting with opposition.
这句话让我们无从判断without meeting with opposition是修饰students ，还是表示主语动作的一种方式，这种情况下就得改种写法了，纠正此歧义。

joywzy

谢谢天山和dandan ，解释得非常清楚了。我明确了，这叫修饰的歧义，谢谢。

能不能这样总结：

with/without的结构放在句尾，前面又有名词，就要小心。先试试修饰主语，是否可行，再试试修饰前面的名词，是否可行，如果两者皆可，那就是歧义了。对吗？

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-9 16:38:34编辑过]

kid

想请教，这里aiming和aimed有什么区别？如果把A换成aiming，是不是正确呢？
难道aiming是伴随状语？

2love2live

以下是引用kid在2004-2-5 20:36:00的发言：
想请教，这里aiming和aimed有什么区别？如果把A换成aiming，是不是正确呢？
难道aiming是伴随状语？

with the aim to 之所以会产生歧义 - 是因为 policy aimed at increasing... 不清楚，重新解释...

因为：policy 只能“被动的" 被aim ， policy 不能 aiming. 同样，policy 不能 with the aim to , 一定时somebody follows the policy with an aim to.... aim 的发出者 是somebody 不是policy.

记得前面有一处讲到based on 时，也有这种使动/被动的感觉， 毕竟我们不是英语母语，这种语言感觉我觉得比钻语法点重要，我想这也是ETS要刁难我们这些 english as second language 人的地方

cocoabean

有道理, thanks

tyghbn

"In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing ... and improving in modifying the noun aim"

which "noun aim" are they talking about here?

Andrea625

tyghbn: 把E代入原句：

212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve the efficiency of its distribution system.                                                ↑

                                                                                                                                             ↑

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-6-27 18:33:36编辑过]