with (a)表示同在、同伴、同行 例:He was with her when it happened. (事情发生时他和她在一起。) 例:I study and play together with her everyday. (我每天和她一起读书一起游戏。) 例:Will you come with us? (你要和我们一起来吗?) 解说 日常生活中的常用动词如“be,come,go,walk,travel,live,stay,study,read,learn,play,eat ,drink,…”都可以和“with…”连用表示“和……同在、同伴 、同行”等观念。有时也可以如下列所示来表达。 I had a long talk with her yesterday afternoon. =I talked with her for a long time yesterday afternoon. (昨天下午我和她谈了很久。) 下面例句的“with…”是“向……”的意思。 例:I learned English with Mr. White, an English teacher from the United States. (我跟怀特先生学英语,他是美藉英语教师。) (b)表示交涉、交易、处置、关系 例:I discussed the problem with my teacher yesterday. (昨天我和我的老师讨论了那个问题。) 例:We didn't do any deal with him for two years. (我们两年没有和他做任何交易了。) 例:I have nothing to do with that case. (我和那件案子没有任何关系。) 例:Have you done with it? (你把那件事处置好了吗?) (c)表示工具、材料、手段、供应 例:I cut the branch with a knife. (我用刀切断那树枝。) 例:Do you like to have your coffee with sugar? (你喝咖啡要不要放糖?) 例:Bill and Helen often communicate with their eyes. (比尔和海伦常以目传情。) 例:Mr. And Mrs. Chang provided their children with good education. (张先生夫妇供给他们的小孩良好的教育。) 解说 “with…” 表示工具时常会把宾语移入句中而留“with”于句末。 I have no pen to write with. (我没有笔去写东西。) 问句时则把“with…”用在句首。 With what did you cut the branch? (你用什么切断那树枝?) 常用短语: see… with eyes 用眼看…… hear …with ears 用耳朵听…… taste… with tongue 用舌尝…… feel… with fingers 用手指触摸…… smell …with nose 用鼻子闻… supply someone with +物 供应/给…… 请注意下面例句所示的用法: We supplied them food. (误) We supplied them with food. (正) We supplied food to them. (正) (我们供应食物给他们。) 也可用被动语态来表达。 Food and drink were supplied to them. They were supplied with food and drink. 下面例示是美式英语的用法。 Cows supply us milk. Cows supply milk. (乳牛供给我们牛乳。) 动词如“provide(供应);furnish (供给)”都遵照上例所示使用。 (d)表示状态 例:Look ,it can be done with ease. (=Look, it can be done easily.) (看,这件事可以容易地做好。) 例:She always drives with great care. (=She always drives very carefully.) (她开车总是很小心。) 解说 “with +抽象名词”通常都作副词短语用,因此也就等于副词。有时也可用普通名词。例如: She greeted me with a smile. (她面带微笑地迎接我。) 常用短语: with difficulty 困难地(difficultly) with diligence 勤勉地(diligently) with courage 勇敢地(courageously) with anger 生气地(angrily) with hope 满怀希望地(hopefully) (e)表示附带状况 例A:Tom stood at the window, with his hands in the pockets of his trousers. (汤姆站在窗口,双手插在他的裤袋里。) 例B:Don't speak with your mouth full. (不要嘴里满含食物讲话。) 例C:She sat there ,with her eyes closed. (她闭着眼睛坐在那里。) 例D:With night coming on, we started for home. (夜幕降临时刻我们就踏上归途了。) 解说 如例A,本句的主要动作是“stood (at the window)” ,而 “with…”只是在表示当时的附带的状况。 表示附带状况的“with” 也可以省略,例如: She sat there, her eyes closed. Night coming on, we started for home. “Night + V-ing…”,可视为独立分词短语。 (f) 表示具有、持有、保管 例:Who is that girl with (=who has )large eyes? (那个大眼睛的女孩是谁?) 例:Do you have money with you ? (你身上带钱了吗?) 例:It looks like rain. Take an umbrella with you. (看起来快要下雨了。带一把雨伞去吧。) 例:Leave the baggage with me. (请把行李交给我保管。) (g)表示对立,对比 例A:Don't quarrel with your elder sister, Amy. (艾米,不要和你的姐姐吵架。) 例B:China had fought with Japan for four years before World War Ⅱ broke out. (二次世界大战爆发之前中国已对日本作战了四年。) cf. China fought with the United States and the United Kingdom against Japan in the Pacific area during World War Ⅱ. (二次世界大战期间在太平洋战区中国与美国、英国并肩对日作战。) 例C:Don't compare your composition with hers. She writes much better than you do. (不要拿你的作文和她的作文作比较。她写得比你好得多。) 解说 “fight with…” 如例B所示可作“对立、对抗”解释,但是也可以如例B 的“cf.” 所示作“并肩,一起”解释。 例C的“compare with…” 通常都不用于比较不同的事物。 Let's compare China with New York. (误) (我们来比较中国和纽约。) Let's compare China with the United States.(正) (我们来比较中国和美国。) Let's compare Shanghai with New York. (正) (我们来比较上海和纽约。) (h)表示“就……而言”,“对于……” 例:It is always so with him. (他老是这个样子。) 例:Is it all right with you ? (你没事吧?) 例:What is the matter with her? (她到底怎么了?) 例:How are getting along with your new work? (你的新工作进行得怎样?) 解说 本项的“with”也常和“away, down, off, up”等副词连用,表达命令。 例:Away with you! (你滚蛋!) 例:off with your hat! (把帽子脱掉!) (i)表示让步 例: With all his wealth, he is not happy. =In spite of his wealth, he is not happy. =Though he is a man with great wealth ,he is not happy. (尽管很富裕,他还是不快乐。) 例:With all his faults, he is a good husband. (尽管他有缺点,他仍然是个好丈夫。) 解说 “With…” 表示让步时常如例句所示与“all”连用,通常都置于句首,等于“In spite of …” ; Though … ,S+V…”的意思。 帖一个关与with得总结,希望有所帮助。看到with一定要小心,一定要考虑其状语的情况! |