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YLC1000

17. Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?

(A) Astrologers have not subjected their claims to rigorous experimentation.

(B) The personality differences between the two individuals cannot be explained by the cultural difference between Toronto and New York.

(C) The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes.

(D) Complete birth records for the past 40 years were kept at both hospitals.

(E) Identical twins have identical genetic structures and usually have similar home environments.

正解是c  請問一下為什麼c對d不對呢   3q   

phoenixfr

这是一道因果解释的题目.

星相家说星相是产生性格的主要原因(但是没有排除其他影响性格.我们的推论就是同样的时间出生的人性格相同).

Psychologist要反驳这种观点他就只要举出同因异国的例子就可以了.他的例子就是40年前同时出生的东京人和纽约人性格不同.但是他的例子是有缺陷的,因为星相家说的星相相同但是Psychologist只是时间相同地点不同,所以要排除地点对星相的影响.也就是C选项.

D隐含在前提中了.注意文章说了birth records were examined .这是一个事实型的表述,也就是说已经这么做了.既然已经这么做了就不需要D来说明有可能这么做.

jason_jufe

C 明确了题干中的差异，即两地区的地理差异不会对结果产生影响。（取非削弱）

D 两个医院过去四十年所有完整的出生信息是一个无关的条件。

phoenixfr

以下是引用jason_jufe在2007-2-21 10:18:00的发言：

D 两个医院过去四十年所有完整的出生信息是一个无关的条件。

对,完整信息确实没有必要.太强了.Assumption是一个必要条件,从这一点说即使没有我上面说的原因也是错的.

YLC1000

謝謝各位的回覆，小弟想再請問一下b為什麼錯啊

phoenixfr

以下是引用YLC1000在2007-2-21 17:29:00的发言：

謝謝各位的回覆，小弟想再請問一下b為什麼錯啊

B是排除一个Horoscope之外的原因,显然是对作者的argument的削弱.

戴安娜

文章是说,同样星座的人,个性完全相同.

B取非是说他们的个性差异是因为文化不同引起的.并不能反驳原来的论述.如果改成这样的"两个人星座相同,但是因为文化不同,所以个性有差异"这样才算反驳了原文.