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我准备下个月考试，时间短，力求做的每一篇理解都可以彻底领悟－－－希望有人可以和我一起讨论．以下是我自己的分析，和不理解的地方，欢迎拍转－－题目来自新东方ＧＭＡＴ阅读．如果有人有详细的解释请发我油箱zoraxuqi(A) hotmail.com或者留言．谢谢
Passage 5 How many really suffer as a result of labor mar- ket problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hard- (5)
ship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwin- ners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there (10)
were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare pro- (15) tection have unquestionably mitigated the conse- quences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority (20) are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an (25)
accurate indicator of labor market pathologies. Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are (30)
so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing jobless- ness at some time during the year is several times (35)the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly (40) unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and depen- (45)dent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those fail- ing in the labor market are adequately protected. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is (50)
uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tol- erated or must be countered by job creation and (55)
economic stimulus. There is only one area of agree- ment in this debate---that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.
7. According to the passage, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is the (E) (A) recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers (B) possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per worker (C) fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poor (D) establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics (E)
prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed ----from the article line 15-20 帮忙解释一下 谢谢～～～ 我觉得应该Ｅ是答案，可是不理解这个句子什么意思啊．
8. The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 about the number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness depends primarily on the point that (A) in times of high unemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long (B) the capacity for self-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages (C) those in forced idleness include, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and those not actively seeking work (D) at different times during the year, different people are unemployed (E) many of those who are affected by unemploy- ment are dependents of unemployed workers 选Ｄ．排除法．关键是number why the number is many times or equal to or exceed...想明白了 呵 不过还是贴上来共勉
9. Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the author’s argument concerning why poverty statistics cannot properly be used to show the effects of problems in the labor market? (A) A short-term increase in the number of those in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because the basic number of those unable to accept employment remains approximately constant. (B) For those who are in poverty as a result of joblessness, there are social programs available that provide a minimum standard of living. (C) Poverty statistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics, when each is taken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemployment. (D) The elderly and handicapped categories include . many who previously were employed in the labor market. (E) Since the labor market is global in nature, poor workers in one country are competing with poor workers in another with respect to the level of wages and the existence of jobs .答案是Ａ．对作者观点的批评，是削弱题． 根据课文．The author thinks the statistic, on one hand, exaggerates the hardship of labor market problem which is the umemployment problem due to the statistic regardless the social develeopment and overstate the dimonsion of the hardship.On the other hand, the statistic underestimate the hardship because there people employed but still in porvety and a mount of people suffer some time forced idleness per year 答案Ａ 恰好解释了为什么数据和实际情况对不上的另外一个原因 is short of job.
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发表于 2007-1-20 11:15:00
