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81. A recent report determined that although only 3 percent of drivers on Maryland highways equipped their vehicles with radar detectors, 33 percent of all vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were equipped with them. Clearly, drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who do not. The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions? (A) Drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are less likely to be ticketed for exceeding the speed limit than are drivers who do not. (B) Drivers who are ticketed for exceeding the speed limit are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed. (C) The number of vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit was greater than the number of vehicles that were equipped with radar detectors. (D) Many of the vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were ticketed more than once in the time period covered by the report. (E) Drivers on Maryland highways exceeded the speed limit more often than did drivers on other state highways not covered in the report. Argument Construction Situation Although only 3 percent of drivers on Maryland's highways have radar detectors in their vehicles, 33 percent of vehicles recently ticketed for driving over the speed limit on Maryland highways have had radar detectors. Drivers who have radar detectors are thus more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than drivers who do not. Reasoning What assumption must be true for the conclusion to be drawn?The argument moves from a particular sample, that is, the percentage of vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit that were equipped with radar detectors, to a generalization about the regular driving behaviors of all drivers who have radar detectors in their vehicles. Between the example and the generalization must stand an assumption. What can the assumption be? Only if the drivers ticketed in this instance are assumed to make a regular habit of exceeding the speed limit can the conclusion be drawn that drivers with radar detectors are more likely to do so regularly than drivers who are not ticketed. A While this statement about being ticketed may be true, the conclusion pertains to the recurrent exceeding of the speed limit, so this statement is not relevant. B Correct. This statement properly identifies the conclusions necessary assumption about ticketed drivers' being more likely to drive in excess of the speed limit than non ticketed drivers. C From the original passage it is already known that 67 percent of all ticketed vehicles did not have radar detectors. This statement is about the number of vehicles ticketed, not about the regular habits of drivers, so it is not assumed for the conclusion. D While this additional information could help support the conclusion, it is not a necessary assumption in the conclusion because it is about the particular example of the drivers in Maryland, not about drivers' habits in general. E Learning that Maryland drivers are not representative of other drivers undermines the conclusion about all drivers, so it is clearly not assumed. The correct answer is B.
感觉在这题里，自己本来想的假设该是装了雷达超速的人占所有装了雷达的人数的大部分，题目的解释是在是不明白，请NN指教。
68. When hypnotized subjects are told that they are deaf and are then asked whether they can hear the hypnotist, they reply, "No. " Some theorists try to explain this result by arguing that the selves of hypnotized subjects are dissociated into separate parts, and that the part that is deaf is dissociated from the part that replies. Which of the following challenges indicates the most serious weakness in the attempted explanation described above? (A) Why does the part that replies not answer, "Yes"? (B) Why are the observed facts in need of any special explanation? (C) Why do the subjects appear to accept the hypnotist's suggestion that they are deaf? (D) Why do hypnotized subjects all respond the same way in the situation described? (E) Why are the separate parts of the self the same for all subjects? Argument Evaluation Situation People under hypnosis are told they are deaf. When asked by the hypnotist whether they can hear, they hear the question and respond, "No. " A theory explains this puzzling result by stating that the hypnotized subjects dissociate the part of themselves that is deaf from the part that replies to the question. Reasoning Which question points to a weakness in the theory? According to the theory, hypnotized people dissociate themselves into separate parts: the hearing part and the deaf part. Then, they must be using the hearing part of themselves when they respond to the hypnotist's question; obviously, if they were using the deaf part of themselves at that point, they would not hear or thus respond at all. So, if they are using the hearing part of themselves, as the theorists maintain, why would they respond, "No, " to the question, "Can you hear me?" The hearing part would more logically answer, "Yes. " A Correct. This statement properly identifies a challenge that demonstrates the weakness in the theory. B This question does not address the weakness in the explanation; instead it asks why there needs to be an explanation at all. C The fact that the subjects accept the hypnotic suggestion that they are deaf is assumed as part of the argument. D The theorists do not attempt to explain why all subjects behave similarly, so this question is irrelevant to pinpointing the weakness of the theorists' explanation. E The theorists' explanation does not address why the parts of the self are the same for all subjects, so this question does not get to the center—and the weakness—of their argument. The correct answer is A.
请NN给一个考虑方法，按照题目的解释，实在是看不懂。
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发表于 2007-1-11 14:53:00
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