XDF-21

ypngzhang

PASSAGE 21
*Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the
5)
        organizing principle for rewriting the history of prein-dustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.
* The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their coun-
        
10) tryside; migrating to the New World was simply a "natural spillover." Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English---they wouldrather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they
15) regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailynholds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns
20) varied considerably.
*Bailyn's third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants,another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn
25) suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social char-acter of people who came to preindustrial North America.At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited;
30) by the 1730's, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.
*Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were
35) part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what
40)
                of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university,and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and insti-tutions developed by New England Puritans had power-
45) ful effects on North American culture.
*Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experi-ence with the political development of the United States.
50) Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up
55) good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure theirpersonal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely antiaristocratic.

文中蓝色字体部分，有四个问题请教：

1，move...about 是什么意思？

2，第10行中的 colonies 指什么？

3，40行--45行 是什么意思？ 关键不理解那个 what of

benpiao

，move...about 是什么意思？

答：走来走去，经常搬家

2，第10行中的 colonies 指什么？

下文所讲的殖民地，也就是美国建国前的状态
        

3，40行--45行 是什么意思？ 关键不理解那个 what of

But what
                of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university,and published books?

但是17世纪的新英格兰殖民地的定居者创建了有效的法律，建起了著名的大学还出了书，这一切又是什么？————直译

但是又怎么解释17世纪的新英格兰殖民地的定居者创建了有效的法律，建起了著名的大学(据说是哈佛大学)还出了书（出本书就牛了）？————paraphrase 

ypngzhang

非常感谢 benpiao GG~~~~~

第3个问题，还是不明白。应该是在美国建立有效的法律，建立著名的大学……啊，怎么是在英格兰殖民地呢？

ypngzhang

也帮忙看看我的另一个求助帖 XDF-19

多谢多谢

benpiao

 

---第3个问题，还是不明白。应该是在美国建立有效的法律，建立著名的大学……啊，怎么是在英格兰殖民地呢？---

这要谈到美国的历史了。。。。。（那是很久很久以前）

 美国建国前，只有土著人---印第安人，后来分别被英国以及法国殖民者占领，各划领地瓜分领土。后来。。美国独立战争打响。。。后来就建国了。。后来。。我就给你回了这个贴。。。后来。。。

ypngzhang

谢谢 benpiao GG， 你超级幽默，呵呵。。。。。

可是，偶还是想问：这个New England 指什么？是英国，还是美国？还是什么别的？

对不起啊，偶比较笨笨

benpiao

在美国土地上的英国殖民者！！！！

你无法理解我此刻的心情。。。

ypngzhang

现在明白了

你此刻的心情应该是：这个丫头怎么如此笨！！

小声地说一声，谢谢。。。。。