XDF-19

benpiao

讲解的太清楚了！看来还是你适合当老师！

谢谢

benpiao

再问你一道题：OG11里 第2篇 第11题（og10--37--234）

234. The researchers’ conclusion concerning the absence of demographic bias would be most

seriously undermined if it were found that

(A)    the older as individual carnivore is, the more likely it is to have a large number of tooth fratures

(B)    the average age at death of a present-day carnivores is greater than was the average age at death of a Pleistocene carnivore

(C)    in Pleistocene carnivore species, older individuals consumed carcasses as thoroughly as idd younger individuals

(D)    the methods used to determine animals’ ages in fossile samples tend to misidentify many older individuals as younger individuals
            (D)

(E)    data concerning the ages of fossil samples cannot provide reliable information about behavioral differences between extinct carnivores and present-day carnivores

我就是不明白，尤其是看了下面的解释

Begin by looking at the section on demographic bias. Lines 11-13 state that demographic bias has been ruled out as an explanation because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. This implies that older carnivores would be expected to have more tooth fractures than younger ones. To answer this question, read
                each answer choice to find the one statement that undermines the researchers' conclusion. If the method to determine age in the fossil samples is faulty and older carnivores are misidentified as younger ones, then demographic bias cannot be dismissed.

A     This statement supports rather than

undermines the researchers^' conclusion.

B     This comparison between present-day and

Pleistocene carnivores has no bearing on

whether older Pleistocene individuals were

overrepresented or not.

C     The comparison between older and younger individuals is irrelevant to the researchers^' conclusion.

D     Correct. If older individuals have been misidentified as younger ones, then a higher
                proportion of older individuals undermines the researchers^' conclusion.

E     Neither the differences nor the data are relevant to the researchers^' conclusion about the proportion of older Pleistocene carnivores.

标红的这句话尤其不懂，从文中如何imply呢？

ypngzhang

benpiao GG, 我还没开始OG呢，早上在家看到你的帖子，赶紧做了一下这篇文章，结果。。。惨惨惨 。。。 （小声点说，错了3个呢  ）。。。 这道题现在我也不明白，等我开始OG后，如果我明白了，就告诉你

benpiao

好吧,到时候再研究.

你现在在做XDF的新版蓝皮书吗?

你在上新东方课吗?

ypngzhang

恩，上完几个礼拜了

ypngzhang

以下是引用benpiao在2006-12-4 22:07:00的发言：

再问你一道题：OG11里 第2篇 第11题（og10--37--234）

234. The researchers’ conclusion concerning the absence of demographic bias would be most

seriously undermined if it were found that

(A)    the older as individual carnivore is, the more likely it is to have a large number of tooth fratures

(B)    the average age at death of a present-day carnivores is greater than was the average age at death of a Pleistocene carnivore

(C)    in Pleistocene carnivore species, older individuals consumed carcasses as thoroughly as idd younger individuals

(D)    the methods used to determine animals’ ages in fossile samples tend to misidentify many older individuals as younger individuals
   (D)

(E)    data concerning the ages of fossil samples cannot provide reliable information about behavioral differences between extinct carnivores and present-day carnivores

我就是不明白，尤其是看了下面的解释

Begin by looking at the section on demographic bias. Lines 11-13 state that demographic bias has been ruled out as an explanation because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. This implies that older carnivores would be expected to have more tooth fractures than younger ones. To answer this question, read
    each answer choice to find the one statement that undermines the researchers' conclusion. If the method to determine age in the fossil samples is faulty and older carnivores are misidentified as younger ones, then demographic bias cannot be dismissed.

A     This statement supports rather than

undermines the researchers^' conclusion.

B     This comparison between present-day and

Pleistocene carnivores has no bearing on

whether older Pleistocene individuals were

overrepresented or not.

C     The comparison between older and younger individuals is irrelevant to the researchers^' conclusion.

D     Correct. If older individuals have been misidentified as younger ones, then a higher
    proportion of older individuals undermines the researchers^' conclusion.

E     Neither the differences nor the data are relevant to the researchers^' conclusion about the proportion of older Pleistocene carnivores.

标红的这句话尤其不懂，从文中如何imply呢？

（一）

第一段，finding是：P那个年代的食肉动物比现在的食肉动物的tooth fracture多。

第二段，对于这个finding，先排除了三种可能的解释：人口（这里是动物）统计偏差，保存偏差，地域偏差。
                                          然后再说了一个most plausible的解释：行为不同。

作者排除第一个解释“人口（这里是动物）统计偏差” ，意思是：作者认为不是统计偏差造成那个finding（P那个年代的食肉动物比现在的食肉动物的tooth fracture多）。简单说就是：作者认为不是统计偏差造成古代的tooth fracture多。文中接着说，“因为老年的个体并没有占过多的比例”。

所以原文的意思就是说：不是统计偏差造成古代的tooth fracture多，因为老年的个体并没有占过多的比例。

所以，你发现，暗含的意思就是说：假如老年的个体占的比例过多，就会造成tooth frature多。 这就是红色那句话的意思。

（二）

关于D答案：用于确定年龄的那种方法使很多年老的个体被误判为年轻的个体。 意思是：实际上，年老的个体所占的比例过多了。
所以统计偏差造成了古代的tooth fracture多， 这就undermine了作者的结论。

这样清楚了没？

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-12-9 8:15:48编辑过]

benpiao

看了你的讲解并经过仔细研究，终于长长的舒了口气！

BUT(强转折)，如果在考试现场，哪容我这样研究呢？（提出问题，问题解决型）

今天十分郁闷，（一个现象：奇怪的现象）

我已经做完了og11和大部分XDF教材的题，也作了适当总结，为什么正确率还不高，有时一篇错3道

时间还降不下来，阅读怎么这么难提高啊！

ypngzhang

以下是引用benpiao在2006-12-9 18:55:00的发言：

看了你的讲解并经过仔细研究，终于长长的舒了口气！

BUT(强转折)，如果在考试现场，哪容我这样研究呢？（提出问题，问题解决型）

今天十分郁闷，（一个现象：奇怪的现象）

我已经做完了og11和大部分XDF教材的题，也作了适当总结，为什么正确率还不高，有时一篇错3道

时间还降不下来，阅读怎么这么难提高啊！

可以去出题了

呵呵