下周考,真的没有斑竹帮忙吗?

flyingsky

下周考,真的没有斑竹帮忙吗?再贴.
OG62.Which of the following best completes the passage below?
At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that------------.
(A)any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B)any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C)the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
(D)all of an given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
(E)environmental damaged already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible

OG Explanation: (B is the best answer)
C: Although it would probably help to avoid excessive restrictions if some of the countries producing the most effluents favored uniform controls, it is not necessary that all such countries do, as Choice C claims.
D: Not all of any given pollutant need reach the North Sea, as choice D claims, since at most some needs to.
ETS 对于C与D的解释如何理解?


OG77. A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city’s traffic congestion. The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.
Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the mayor’s reasoning is flawed?
(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city.
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to     take a bus.
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor’s plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city’s traffic congestion.

OG Explanation: (B is the best answer)
Choice D is inappropriate since many drivers not switching to buses is entirely consistent with many people making the switch.
ETS 对于D的解释如何理解?

braveMBA

1、C说明对最严重的国家可能不excessively restrictive controls，但是对于其他的就excessively restrictive controls了；D的关键是文章的目的是whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent，同是不是到北海没有关系。

2、D是说尽管可能有人反对，但是同时有人支持，你不能说措施是FLAWED，因为它可能起作用的，只是对不同的人群。

fyhllj

以下是引用flyingsky在2003-10-22 12:01:00的发言：
下周考,真的没有斑竹帮忙吗?再贴.
OG62.Which of the following best completes the passage below?
  At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that------------.
(A)any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B)any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C)the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
(D)all of an given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
(E)environmental damaged already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible

OG Explanation: (B is the best answer)
C: Although it would probably help to avoid excessive restrictions if some of the countries producing the most effluents favored uniform controls, it is not necessary that all such countries do, as Choice C claims.
D: Not all of any given pollutant need reach the North Sea, as choice D claims, since at most some needs to.
ETS 对于C与D的解释如何理解?

刚上网，看到你的贴子，马上跑来，bravemba已经抢先一步了。
我再从逻辑的角度揭示以下：
What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that------------.
仔细读完后，可知，that后应加以必要条件！
(C)the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents 是充分但不必要。正如ets的解释: Although it would probably help to avoid excessive restrictions if some of the countries producing the most effluents favored uniform controls, it is not necessary that all such countries 。ets常将揭示复杂化。
(D)all of an given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
如bravemba所说是无关选项。
磁体的混饶选项时b,c一个是必要但不充分，一个是充分但不必要。
我曾经发过一个有关充分和必要条件的题目，你可以找一下。
希望对你有帮助。

fyhllj

以下是引用flyingsky在2003-10-22 12:01:00的发言：
OG77. A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city’s traffic congestion. The mayor reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.
Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the mayor’s reasoning is flawed?
(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a private vehicle into the city.
(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most people to take a private vehicle into the city than to  take a bus.
(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.
(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor’s plan have indicated that they would rather endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.
(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living within the city account for twenty percent of the city’s traffic congestion.

OG Explanation: (B is the best answer)
Choice D is inappropriate since many drivers not switching to buses is entirely consistent with many people making the switch.
ETS 对于D的解释如何理解?

ets常将揭示复杂化。它的解释实际上就是假言判断中的下反对关系。
some  = some not. 详细可以参看逻辑区丁部精华贴集萃。时间不够可以不看。
我来在给你解释一下：
此题错在对数量的理解！
100人是不是many，当然是了。但是如果这个城市有10，000人，这100人的反对还能有效吗？
如果，将many换为most, almost 或者90%等等，则此题就造成削弱。

fyhllj

另：祝下周考试顺利！

flyingsky

恍然大悟，非常感谢二位斑竹，你们真的是把OG理解透了。
相信有FYHLLJ斑竹的祝福，一定会有好成绩，谢谢！