gwd之cr难解迷题!!11/2考试,救命啦~~

liyigreat

各位大哥大姐，弟弟妹妹，帮帮忙，百忙之中抽空看看，帮我解答吧~~~！！
                

俗话说得好，在家靠父母，上网靠网友！

我知道大家时间紧迫，我11/2就考了，临时抱佛脚了。救救我的小命吧~

看看看看看看看看看看吧！！！

不高兴打开的,我现在贴.

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-10-30 21:23:10编辑过]

liyigreat

GWD-5-Q33:

Wolves generally avoid human settlements.  For this reason, domestic sheep, though essentially easy prey for wolves, are not usually attacked by them.  In Hylantia prior to 1910, farmers nevertheless lost considerable numbers of sheep to wolves each year.  Attributing this to the large number for wolves, in 1910 the government began offering rewards to hunters for killing wolves.  From 1910 to 1915, large numbers of wolves were killed.  Yet wolf attacks on sheep increased significantly.

狼数量减少，domestic羊反而减少了

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase in wolf attacks on sheep?

 

1. Populations of deer and other wild animals that wolves typically prey on increased significantly in numbers from 1910 to 1915.

2. Prior to 1910, there were no legal restrictions in Hylantia on the hunting of wolves.

3. After 1910 hunters shot and wounded a substantial number of wolves, thereby greatly diminishing these wolves’ ability to prey on wild animals.

狼变弱了，找不到野生动物下手，只能找羊

4. Domestic sheep are significantly less able than most wild animals to defend themselves against wolf attacks.

羊不能保护自己，为啥不对？哦，突然明白了。这不会引起狼的攻击？

5. The systematic hunting of wolves encouraged by the program drove many wolves in Hylantia to migrate to remote mountain areas uninhabited by humans.[C]

GWD-5-Q38:

Nitrogen dioxide is a pollutant emitted by automobiles.  Catalytic converters, devices designed to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions, have been required in all new cars in Donia since 1993, and as a result, nitrogen dioxide emissions have been significantly reduced throughout most of the country.  Yet although the proportion of new cars in Donia’s capital city has always been comparatively high, nitrogen dioxide emissions there have showed only an insignificant decline since 1993.

1993年起Donia所有新车要求CC。

Donia大多数地方因此尾气排放减少。

但是在D的首都，虽然新车比例很高，但是1993年以来尾气排放没有明显减低

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the insignificant decline in nitrogen dioxide emissions in Donia’s capital city?

 

1. More of the cars in Donia’s capital city were made before 1993 than after 1993.

2. The number of new cars sold per year in Donia has declined slightly since 1993.

3. Pollutants other than nitrogen dioxide that are emitted by automobiles have also been significantly reduced in Donia since 1993.

4. Many Donians who own cars made before 1993 have had catalytic converters installed in their cars.

之前就装了，所以尾气排放无明显减低，为啥不对？

5. Most car trips in Donia’s capital city are too short for the catalytic converter to reach its effective working temperature.[E]

A错：比如1993年前11万辆，1993后10万辆。那末要求1993年后的车装CONVERTER，肯定污染会明显减少。A解释不了原文的现象

GWD-6-Q21:

An overwhelming proportion of the most productive employees at SaleCo’s regional offices work not eight hours a day, five days a week, as do other SaleCo employees, but rather ten hours a day, four days a week, with Friday off.  Noting this phenomenon, SaleCo’s president plans to increase overall productivity by keeping the offices closed on Fridays and having all employees work the same schedule—ten hours a day, four days a week.

每天10小时一周四天的工作安排导致生产力的提高

Which of the following, if true, provides the most reason to doubt that the president’s plan, if implemented, will achieve its stated purpose?

 

1. Typically, a SaleCo employee’s least productive hours in the workplace are the early afternoon hours.

2. None of the employees who work four days a week had volunteered to work that schedule, but all were assigned to it by their supervisors.

3. Working ten hours a day has allowed the most productive employees to work two hours alone each day in their respective offices relatively undisturbed by fellow employees. 他因削弱

4. Employees at SaleCo are compensated not on the basis of how many hours a week they work but on the basis of how productive they are during the hours they are at work.

5. Those SaleCo employees who have a four-day workweek do not take any of their office work to do at home on Fridays.

那些每天10小时一周四天没有加班---加强了？不是削弱？

选C

GWD-7-Q5:

Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children.  Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years.  Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.

因对化学物质过敏而被送到小医院的学生增多----学生exposed to更多化学物质或更敏感。GAP

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

i

1. The number of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.

2. Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances.

3. Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than they were ten years ago. NOT+他因削弱

什么意思，觉得没有关系，不能理解！

4. The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston.

5. Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’s population now than they did ten years ago.

liyigreat

GWD-7-Q38:

Journalist:  Well-known businessman Arnold Bergeron has long been popular in the state, and he has often talked about running for governor, but he has never run.  However, we have just learned that Bergeron has fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement for candidacy by submitting a detailed list of his current financial holdings to the election commission.  So, it is very likely that Bergeron will be a candidate for governor this year.

fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement----will be a candidate

The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the journalist’s argument?

 

A.        Has anybody else who has fulfilled the financial disclosure requirement for the upcoming election reported greater financial holdings than Bergeron?没有涉及横向比较

B.        Is submitting a list of holdings the only way to fulfill the election commission’s financial disclosure requirements?

submitting a list是否是判断竞选的唯一方法？为啥不对？

C.        Did the information recently obtained by the journalists come directly from the election commission?

D.       Have Bergeron’s financial holdings increased in value in recent years?

E.        Had Bergeron also fulfilled the financial disclosure requirements for candidacy before any previous gubernatorial elections?

GWD-7-Q41:

Magazine Publisher:  Our magazine does not have a liberal bias.  It is true that when a book review we had commissioned last year turned out to express distinctly conservative views, we did not publish it until we had also obtained a second review that took a strongly liberal position.  Clearly, however, our actions demonstrate not a bias in favor of liberal views but rather a commitment to a balanced presentation of diverse opinions.

没有liberal bias而是各种观点的平衡

证据：包含保守观念的BOOKREVIEW直到有了另一份LIBERAL版本之后才发布。

Determining which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the cogency of the magazine publisher’s response?

A.        Whether any other magazines in which the book was reviewed carried more than one review of the book

B.        Whether the magazine publishes unsolicited book reviews as well as those that it has commissioned

C.       Whether in the event that a first review commissioned by the magazine takes a clearly liberal position the magazine would make any efforts to obtain further reviews

  这个选项什么意思？不懂！

D.       Whether the book that was the subject of the two reviews was itself written from a clearly conservative or a clearly liberal point of view

E.        Whether most of the readers of the magazine regularly read the book reviews that the magazine publishes

GWD-9-Q13:

Fact: Asthma, a bronchial condition, is much less common ailment than hay fever, an allergic inflammation of the nasal passages.

 

Fact: over 95 percent of people who have asthma also suffer from hay fever.

 

If the information given as facts above is true, which of the following must also be true? 归纳

 

1. Hay fever is a prerequisite for the development of asthma

2. Asthma is a prerequisite for the development of hay fever

3. Those who have neither hay fever nor asthma comprise less than 5 percent of the total population

4. The number of people who have both of these ailments is greater than the number of people who have only one of them

5. The percentage of people suffering from hay fever who also have asthma is lower than 95 percent.

这个选项怎么推出来的？

GWD-9-Q14:

The Eurasian ruffe, a fish species inadvertently introduced into North America’s Great Lakes in recent years, feeds on the eggs of lake whitefish, a native species, thus threatening the lakes’ natural ecosystem. To help track the ruffe’s spread, government agencies have produced wallet-sized cards about the ruffe. The cards contain pictures of the ruffe and explain the danger they pose; the cards also request anglers to report any ruffe they catch.

R吃当地的白鱼----威胁生态

Which of the following, if true, would provide most support for the prediction that the agencies’ action will have its intended effect? 措施有效性。

 

A. The ruffe has spiny fins that make it unattractive as prey.

B. Ruffe generally feed at night, but most recreational fishing on the Great Lakes is done during daytime hours.

C. Most people who fish recreationally on the Great Lakes are interested in the preservation of the lake whitefish because it is a highly prized game fish.

这个选项什么意思？

D. The ruffe is one of several nonnative species in the Great Lakes whose existence threatens the survival of lake whitefish populations there.

E. The bait that most people use when fishing for whitefish on the Great Lakes is not attractive to ruffe.[C]

这个为啥不对？

GWD-9-Q37:

Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.抽烟引起情绪低落

 

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

 

A.       Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed. 排除他因。排除因果倒置

设个解释无法理解。。。

B.        Participants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end.

C.        Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.

D.       Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.

E.        The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.

GWD-10-Q14***:

Yeasts capable of leavening发酵 bread are widespread, and in the many centuries during which the ancient Egyptians made only unleavened bread, such yeasts must frequently have been mixed into bread doughs生面团 accidentally. The Egyptians, however, did not discover leavened bread until about 3000 B.C. That discovery roughly coincided with the introduction of a wheat variety that was preferable to previous varieties because its edible可食用的 kernel could be removed from the husk 壳without first toasting烤 the grain.

 

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest evidence that the two developments were causally related? 证明因果关系

 

A. Even after the ancient Egyptians discovered leavened bread and the techniques for reliably producing it were well known, unleavened bread continued to be widely consumed.

B. Only when the Egyptians stopped the practice of toasting grain were their stonelined grain-toasting pits available for baking bread.

C. Heating a wheat kernel destroys its gluten, a protein that must be present in order for yeast to leaven bread dough.加热使酵母失效。过去toast----破坏gluten----不能发酵。现在由于新引进Wheat----不用toast----不破坏gluten----可以发酵了。

D. The new variety of wheat, which had a more delicate flavor because it was not toasted, was reserved for the consumption of high officials when it first began to be grown.

E. Because the husk of the new variety of wheat was more easily removed, flour made from it required less effort to produce.

Answer: B C

看了解释还是不懂，阿~中文也不懂乐。5555

liyigreat

GWD-2-Q14:

Smithtown
                    University’s fund-raisers succeeded in getting donations from 80 percent of the potential donors they contacted.  This success rate, exceptionally high for university fund-raisers, does not indicate that they were doing a good job.  On the contrary, since the people most likely to donate are those who have donated in the past, good fund-raisers constantly try less-likely prospects in an effort to expand the donor base.  The high success rate shows insufficient canvassing游说 effort.

成功率不能说明融资者工作做得好

分类思想，学校融资来源：以前捐助者+ 融资者通过努力新赢得的捐赠。

Which of the following, if true, provides more support for the argument?

 

1. Smithtown
                               University’s fund-raisers were successful in their contacts with potential donors who had never given before about as frequently as were fund-raisers for other universities in their contacts with such people. 既然未捐赠人的比率和别的大学一样高,说明80%的高比率并不是来自未捐赠人,支持了结论  逻辑中的比较句型
                       就是说捐赠一共来自两部分，未曾捐赠的人的成功率和别的学校一样高，那么特别高的这个80%就应该来自于另一部分，也就是曾捐赠过的人。那么就说明了融资者没有努力。做这样的题把不变的部分扔掉，考虑另一半变得部分对最终结果的影响

2. This year the average size of the donations to Smithtown
                           University from new donors when the university’s fund-raisers had contacted was larger than the average size of donations from donors who had given to the university before.

3. This year most of the donations that came to Smithtown
                               University from people who had previously donated to it were made without the university’s fund-raisers having made any contact with the donors. 融资人未联系就得来的捐助人，与原文无关。怎么无关了？我觉得有关，说明那些找捐助的人不是自己的能力强才找来，是运气好，人家自己上门的。所以是加强原文找捐助的人没能力。我倒觉得a跟人家学校比才是无关选项。。。

4. The majority of the donations that fund-raisers succeeded in getting for Smithtown
                           University this year were from donors who had never given to the university before.

5. More than half of the money raised by Smithtown
                           University’s fund-raisers came from donors who had never previously donated to the university.

GWD-12-Q11***

In general, jobs are harder to get in times of economic recession because many businesses cut back operations.  However, any future recessions in Vargonia will probably not reduce the availability of teaching jobs at government-funded schools.  This is because Vargonia has just introduced a legal requirement that education in government-funded schools be available, free of charge, to all Vargonian children regardless of the state of the economy, and that current student-teacher ratios not be exceeded.

 

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

 

1. The current student-teacher ratio at Vargonia’s government-funded schools is higher than it was during the most recent period of economic recession.

why不对?

2. During recent periods when the Vargonian economy has been strong, almost 25 percent of Vargonian children have attended privately funded schools, many of which charge substantial fees. 比例不变，分子变大分母变大

3. Nearly 20 percent more teachers are currently employed in Vargonia’s government-funded schools than had been employed in those schools in the period before the last economic recession.

4. Teachers in Vargonia’s government-funded schools are well paid relative to teachers in most privately funded schools in Vargonia, many of which rely heavily on part-time teachers.

5. During the last economic recession in Vargonia, the government permanently closed a number of the schools that it had funded.

怎么这道题还有答案是c的？

GWD-12-Q22*

Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizeable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year.  This result appears surprising, because electronics retailers report that although their是指零售商的销售 overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew, largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.

D的销售收入下降

零售商总体销售下降，来自于D的销售收入增加，因为D引进了新的受欢迎的Models

Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the apparently surprising result?

 

1. Because of the need to educate the public about its new models’ capabilities, Denoma’s advertising spending was higher than normal over the period.

2. For the period at issue, Denoma’s major competitors reported declines in revenue that were, in percentage terms, greater than Denoma’s.

3. A significant proportion of Denoma’s revenue comes from making components for other consumer-electronics manufacturers. D公司销给零售商部分增加，而这部分对D公司是很少部分，故其总销售额还是降，而零售商销D公司部分销售额增加，而整体部分还是减少。从而解释了原文这状况。另外，从零售商总体销售下降可以得出其他生产者销售收入不佳，也就部分说明了D除了销给零售商所得的那部分收入以外的收入是下降的。

4. Unlike some of its major competitors, Denoma has no lines of business outside consumer electronics to provide revenue when retail sales of consumer electronics are weak.

5. During the period, consumer-electronics retailers sold remaining units of Denoma’s superseded models at prices that were deeply discounted from those models’ original prices.
                   。E只能解释零售商利润增加，不能解释D公司和零售商销售额下降。

什么解释啊？人家打折卖了，怎么销售额会不下降？怪！打折卖了，怎么利润还增加？受不了了。。。。

1.         T-3-Q3.
                    

Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests. According to farmers’ report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not. Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.

 

Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?

 

A.     Whether farmers who tried the modified cotton seed had ever tried growing other crops from genetically modified seed.

B.      Whether the insecticides typically used on ordinary cotton tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops.

什么意思啊？感觉很无关的，管other crops什么事？

C.      Whether for most farms who grow cotton it is their primary crop

D.     Whether the farmers who have tried the modified speed planted as many acres of cotton, on average, as farmers using the ordinary seed did.

E.      Whether most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide.

2.         T-3-Q21.
                    

Driving the steep road to the mountaintop Inca ruins of Machu Picchu is potentially dangerous and hiking there is difficult. Now the Peruvian government is installing a cable car that will make access much easier, and hence results in a large increase in tourisms. However, since the presence of large numbers of tourists tends to accelerate the deterioration of a site, installation of a cable car is certain to result in harm to the ruins.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the argument?

 

1. The daily number of tourists that are expected to take the cable car to Machu Picchu is smaller than the original resident

2. The construction of the cable car terminal at Machu Picchu will require the use of potentially damaging heavy machinery at the site.

3. Machu Picchu is already one of the most popular tourist sites in Peru

4. Natural weathering will continue to be a more significant cause of the deterioration of Machu Picchu than tourist traffic

寻找他因，是天气导致，就算装cable car,也没用。为什么不对？

5. The cable car will replace the tour buses whose large wheels and corrosive exhaust at present do significant damage to the site.

3.         E     T-4-Q32

Delta products, Inc., has recently switched at least partly from older technologies using fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity. The question has been raised whether it can be concluded that for a given level of output, Delta’s operation now causes less fossil fuel to be consumed than it did formerly. The answer, clearly, is yes, since the amount of fossil fuel used to fenerate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount needed to power the older technologies, provided that the level of output is held constant.

 

In the argument given, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

1. The first identifies the content of the conclusion of the argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.

2. The first provides support for the conclusion of the argument; the second identifies the content of that conclusion.

3. The first states the position that the argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the argument.

4. Each provides evidence that calls the conclusion of the argument into question.

5. Each provides support for conclusion of the argument.

为什么不是a,我认为第一句是一个content,怎么变成support,有什么区别？

4.         T-4-Q38

In one state, all cities and most towns have antismoking ordinances, a petition entitled “Petition for Statewide Smoking Restriction” is being circulated to voters by campaign workers who ask only, “Do you want to sign a petition for statewide smoking restriction?” The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public.

 

Which of the following circumstances would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide?

1. Health costs associated with smoking cause health insurance premiums to rise for everyone and so affect nonsmokers.

为什么要选a呢？如何推出的？

2. In rural areas of the state, there are relatively few retail establishments and government offices that are open to the public.

3. The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain stronger bans than the state law does.

4. There is considerable sentiment among voters in most areas of the state for restriction of smoking.

5. The state law would not affect existing local ordinances banning smoking in places where the fire authorities have determined that smoking would constitute a fire hazard.

liyigreat

发完了！有点多哦！帮我想想吧，各位好心人。

xujingyi1022

GWD-7-Q38：个人以为，C的the only way用的不对,submitting a list是否是判断竞选的唯一方法,与B的竞选无关。

specters

果然很多……

xujingyi1022

GWD-9-Q13：assumption: people who have asthma =A; people who suffer from hay fever=B; B>A;

Then people who have asthma also suffer from hay fever=95%A

Percentage of people suffer from hey fever who also have asthma=95%A/B

Since B>A, A/B<1; 95%A/B<95%

specters

既然占了位置，就随便挑几题说说吧

GWD-5-33：D项可以说明羊会受到attack，但不能解释为什么the increase in attacks

xujingyi1022

GWD-9-Q14:: C选项表明钓鱼者对保护白鱼有兴趣，所以会看card，E选项与题目无关