LZ能否帮忙看一下是否类似下面这篇,我google下来的 This vigilance behaviour allows animals to improve their chances of detecting a predator. Because vigilance conflicts with other activities, animals must decide how to divide their time between those conflicting demands. Vigilance has become a central topic in behavioural ecology, providing a model system for investigating behavioural adaptation. Many animals are gregarious and the reasons for, and consequences of, this behaviour continue to be the focus of considerable interest. It has been hypothesized that grouping should affect the balance between vigilance and other activities. Assuming that individuals scan independently and that the probability of at least one group member detecting a predator stays constant with increasing group size, individual vigilance rate should decline with increasing group size. Such a relationship has been reported in species ranging from ostriches to parrots and kangaroos to wildebeeste. However, a common problem is to determine whether a correlation implies a causative effect. Variables which might confound a relationship between group size and vigilance include competition for food: if there is more competition in larger groups, a reduction in vigilance in larger groups may be a consequence of this rather than group size per se. The problem then is to provide a convincing demonstration of a direct effect of group size on vigilance. |