求助 og11th 31 81 123 (题目已经敲进帖子) 谢谢nn

znlhy

31  when a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee. Rather, such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful. Nevertheless, employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.

(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.

(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.

(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.

(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.

这道题为什么不能选择B和D呢  看答案也觉得很牵强嘛  请各位高手指教

81 A recent report determined that although only 3 percent  of drivers on Maryland highways equipped their vehicles with radar detectors, 33 percent of all vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were equipped with them. Clearly, drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who do not.

The conclusion draw above depends on which of the following assumptions?

(A) Drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are less likely to be ticketed for exceeding the speed limit than are drivers who do not

(B) Drivers who are ticketed for exceeding the speed limit are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who are not ticked.

(C) The number of vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit was greater than the number of vehicles that were equipped with radar detectors.

(D) Many of the vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were ticketed more than once in the time period covered by the report.

(E) Drivers on Maryland highways exceed the speed limit more often than did drivers on other state highways not covered in the report.

ABCD这四个选项都比较迷糊   我看不明白为什么B就是assumption了

123  Codex Berinensis， a Florentine copy of an ancient Roman medical treaties, is undated but contains clues to when it was produced. Its first 80 pages are by a single copyist, which indicates some significant disruption. Since a letter in handwriting identified as that of the fourth copyist mentions a plague that killed many people in Florence in 1148, Codex Bernensis was probably produced in that year.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis that Codex Berinensis was produced in 1148?

 (A) Other than Codex Berinensis, there are no known samples of the handwriting of the first three copyists.

(B) According to the account for the fourth copyist, the plague went on for 10 months.

(C) A scribe would be able to copy a page of text the size and style of Codex Berinensis  in a day.

(D) There was only one outbreak of plague in Florence in the 1100's.

(E) The number of pages of Codex Berinensis produced by a single scribe becomes smaller with each successive change of copyist.

为什么D选项就能推导出它是在1148年produce的呢？

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-8-13 1:15:17编辑过]

znlhy

没有人关注的吗？

zhaoyak7

31  when a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee. Rather, such a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or untruthful. Nevertheless, employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph test result.

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.

(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.

(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.

(D) A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be mistaken.

(E) Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.

这个题我一开始也选的D。当然错了。试着理解一下吧：

这首先是个归纳题，问从文中从推出什么，即选项的范围不能超过原文。

A的错误明显。E也不对，因为题目说的拒绝了申请者（即考虑了测试结果），而E是根本不考虑结果，与题干相左。

B的错误在于should，我的做题经验是这种主观性很强的词，还有likely，在逻辑题中出现多少次就错多少次，没有任何一个教材上讲这个，这只是偶本人的经验。

D：原文只是说这个测试是 inconclusive ，但没说这个显示不忠诚的测试是错（即从文中得不出这个结论）或者说无论D说这个测试者是untruthful.还是truthful.都不对。

C：这个非决定性的结果有时会对被测者不公平。当然是这样了，因为本身测试就是inconclusive,用这个标准来选人是不问题的。而且出题者为了避免绝对化，使用了 sometimes ，这样就挑不出什么毛病来了。

偶的解释也比较菜，慢慢体会吧。还是那句话，归纳不要超过题干的范围，千万不要用常识自己去推测，要根据原文推。

zhaoyak7

81 A recent report determined that although only 3 percent  of drivers on Maryland highways equipped their vehicles with radar detectors, 33 percent of all vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were equipped with them. Clearly, drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who do not.

The conclusion draw above depends on which of the following assumptions?

(A) Drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are less likely to be ticketed for exceeding the speed limit than are drivers who do not

(B) Drivers who are ticketed for exceeding the speed limit are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who are not ticked.

(C) The number of vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit was greater than the number of vehicles that were equipped with radar detectors.

(D) Many of the vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were ticketed more than once in the time period covered by the report.

(E) Drivers on Maryland highways exceed the speed limit more often than did drivers on other state highways not covered in the report.

MM的这几个题都是有难度的。我看了很多讨论和解释，觉得就这样简单理解可能好一些：

题干：1，装雷达的司机更容易得罚单

      2，装雷达的司机更容易再次超速（结论）

公共元素是雷达，假设的选项应该是在另外两个元素之间架个桥：因超速得罚单的人更容易再次超速（而得罚单）。

A取非不能削弱，D与次数无关

zhaoyak7

123  Codex Berinensis， a Florentine copy of an ancient Roman medical treaties, is undated but contains clues to when it was produced. Its first 80 pages are by a single copyist, which indicates some significant disruption. Since a letter in handwriting identified as that of the fourth copyist mentions a plague that killed many people in Florence in 1148, Codex Bernensis was probably produced in that year.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis that Codex Berinensis was produced in 1148?

 (A) Other than Codex Berinensis, there are no known samples of the handwriting of the first three copyists.

(B) According to the account for the fourth copyist, the plague went on for 10 months.

(C) A scribe would be able to copy a page of text the size and style of Codex Berinensis  in a day.

(D) There was only one outbreak of plague in Florence in the 1100's.

(E) The number of pages of Codex Berinensis produced by a single scribe becomes smaller with each successive change of copyist.

加强只需要部分地支持结论就行，不一定需要“充分”或“必要”地推出结论。

本题主要是说抄书的过程在1148年中断了，又提到了一个瘟疫。D有排除他因的意思，如果这一世纪有其它的瘟疫，成书的时间可能就不是这一年了，可能是其它的瘟疫造成了成书的中断。

其它的选项都与成书的时间无关（与持续时间，抄写情况和数目大小无关）。

znlhy

嗯 看了zhaoyak7 的解释  明白了很多  还知道了一些推导的方法   

非常感谢啊 

lucccky328

支持题的结论不是一定成立的，正确的选项只要能增大它成立的可能性就行了。

文中的结论暗含一个假设：1148年这次瘟疫导致Codex Berinensis的copy中断和copy换三个人。

1148和瘟疫有关，结论1148和produce相联系，暗含假设瘟疫和copy disruption中断有关，也就是produce 中断，瘟疫导致后者。

（瘟疫是发生在1148年--->Codex Berinensis的produce也是在1148）。

同时必须排除别时间发生的瘟疫，D选项正是排除了别的可能。

znlhy

谢谢楼上，讲得更透彻了。