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Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests. According to farmers' report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not. Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.
Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?

正确答案: D

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[求助]TT GWD-6-21

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楼主
发表于 2006-7-24 17:59:00 | 只看该作者

[求助]TT GWD-6-21

Q21:

Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests.  According to farmers’ report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not.  Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.

Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?

 

  1. Whether farmers who tried the modified cotton seed had ever tried growing other crops from genetically modified seed
  2. Whether the insecticides typically used on ordinary cotton tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops
  3. Whether for most farmers who grow cotton it is their primary crop
  4. Whether the farmers who have tried the modified seed planted as many acres of cotton, on average, as farmers using the ordinary seed did (D)

    E.Whether most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide

为什么E 不可以呢?

沙发
发表于 2006-7-24 19:56:00 | 只看该作者

偶觉得此题用排除法似乎更方便一些.

A和B中的other crops ,C中的primary crop,E中的previously had to use(以前用过的农药与新的基因改良没什么关系)都是无关标志词,而且E中的有一个词感觉很不好就是most of ,文中没有任何地方揭示与这个数量程度有关的概念。最后再test一下D,即用两种方法进行试种的面积是否一样,如果面积一样,是加强,说明新种子没有什么用,如果面积不一样,则对结论构成他因的削弱。

偶觉得评价题还是有一定规律,通常都是比较的基数要一致,——因为评价题的特点就是对Whether肯定或否定的回答分别对结论起加强或削弱作用——如果基数不一样,就没法比。偶记得OG11紫皮书65/66题关于公共农场和私人农场的题目几乎一样。答案也是“这两种农场在比较前的初态质量是否一样”

板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2006-7-24 20:43:00 | 只看该作者

我觉得这题在数量基数上没有明显问题,因为题干里说的就是平均水平,已经是一个相对数而不是绝对数了

可以接受E是无关选项 ,如果要解释D的话,我觉得是不是说实验的量不够大,也就是统计学上说的要样本足够大的时候某些假设才能成立,所以D选项提出,农民应该在更大范围内做这个实验,而并不是说他们的基数有什么问题

地板
发表于 2006-8-8 15:38:00 | 只看该作者

这题的答案推荐是B。。。。

引用lawyer原话:

认为E不妥,理由如下

1E的意思为:多数试改良品种(下称新品种)的农民改用新品种的原因是不是因为以前不得不使用大量农药。一个答案是原来用农药太多才改种新品种。另一个答案是其他原因使他们改,也许是special need 。但文章在讨论的是换新品种是否经济有利(注意结论的benefit economically)的问题,是在算经济账。跟原来为何要改没关系。如果改的原因是原来用农药多,从农民的报告看,改后用药也省不了多少。关键的是单纯从E是推不出改后用农药多少,改后用药多少是从原文得出。如果是其他原因,那就更对原文起不了作用,因为E没说,你不知其他何原因让农民改,说不定是政府强制试验,WHO KNOWS。其实E只在为何改上讲,除此之外什么也没说,更不能得出任何对算经济账有用的信息,即使是该的原因原来用农药太多,你也得不出该后用农药就少,何况另一个答案是其他与经济无关的原因。所以E是不合适的。
                

2。我倾向B。问题要求找能EVALUATE原文推理的,实际就是支持和反对原文推理。这两者的要求不高,只要在推理的逻辑线上(不要在推理外,讨论的话题不在原文的推理之外),在方向上对结论起支持和反对作用就行了。不象ASSUMPTION,要排除其他可能。
                

3。具体到本题,原文是在算经济账,算算新旧品种那种合算。跟其他因素无关。新品种省农药但种子贵,旧品种种子便宜但用药多。要严格比较那种在经济上合算,是必须将有关的价格因素进行对比,多多少,少多少,但原文没有,这就是为何该题不是问ASSUMPTION的原因(必须排除其他可能)。问题问支持反对,满足两个条件就可以(当然MOST题时存在程度的问题)。对B选项,如果旧品种用的农药比新品种贵,这在更换新品种的经济账上加了一个筹码,更换经济合算的可能性增大,起支持作用。反之,则在更换新品种的经济账上减了一个筹码,更换经济不合算的可能性增大,其反对作用。所以B正确。
                

4。现在留下的问题是B中的other crops 能否包括modified cotton(注意只要包括就可以)。我认为应该包括。other 修饰的crops用复数,other在这里的意思为:the rest used to refer to all the people or things in a group apart from the one you have already mentioned or the one that is already known about. 即除你已知道或提到的之外的全部。对B选项已经提到的是ordinary cotton,除ordinary cotton之外的全部庄家,当然应该包括modified cotton。其实B要表达的意思是ordinary cotton用的农药是最贵的,直接告诉你比modified cotton太便宜你,这不是ETS的风格,他们总要绕着说。

5#
发表于 2006-9-11 17:14:00 | 只看该作者
我觉得应该选E,因为如果 most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide,那么可以推断出在在现在insecticede的用量相当的情况下,switching不划算。但是如果most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so NOT
    
because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide,那么很有可能是其他的经济因素吸引他们所致,那么switching就划算。
6#
发表于 2006-10-18 19:34:00 | 只看该作者

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7#
发表于 2006-10-18 19:38:00 | 只看该作者

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