沸沸28＋23

liflyy

28. Ordinary mountain sickness, a common condition among mountain climbers, and one from which most people can recover, is caused by the characteristic shortage of oxygen in the atmosphere at high altitudes. Cerebral edema, a rarer disruption of blood circulation in the brain that quickly becomes life-threatening if not correctly treated from its onset, can also be caused by a shortage of oxygen. Since the symptoms of cerebral edema resemble those of ordinary mountain sickness, cerebral edema is especially dangerous at high altitudes.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) The treatment for ordinary mountain sickness differs from the treatment for cerebral edema.
(B) Cerebral edema can cause those who suffer from it to slip into a coma within a few hours.
(C) Unlike cerebral edema, ordinary mountain sickness involves no disruption of blood circulation in the brain.
(D) Shortage of oxygen at extremely high altitude is likely to affect thinking processes and cause errors of judgment.
(E) Most people who suffer from ordinary mountain sickness recover without any special treatment.
我怎么看不出A的桥梁作用在哪？

23. On a certain day, nine scheduled flights on Swift Airlines were canceled. Ordinarily, a cancellation is due to mechanical problems with the airplane scheduled for a certain flight. However, since it is unlikely that Swift would have the mechanical problems with more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day, some of the nine cancellations were probably due to something else.
The argument depends on which one of the following assumptions
(A) More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine canceled flights.
(B) Swift Airlines has fewer mechanical problems than do other airlines of the same size.
(C) Each of the canceled flights would have been longer than the average flight on Swift Airlines.
(D) Swift Airlines had never before canceled more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day.
(E) All of the airplanes scheduled for the canceled flights are based at the same airport.
选A的理由是什么？

iselibra

28的意思是，因为这两种病的表象非常相似，所以有可能将Cerebral edema以为是非常易recovery的Ordinary mountain sickness来医治。将A取非，如果这两种病的治疗是相同的，那么Cerebral edema还危险在哪里呢？

lukrenee

但是E不是更好吗？OMS可以自己恢复，因此把CE认为是OMS连治都不用治，不是更危险？想不通，我认为E优于A

lawyer_1

原文推理是：两种病OMS，CE症状相同，OMS普通，CE不立即治会致命。所以在高山时CE更危险。

其假设：将CE当作OMS治。这样就相当于没立即治CE，所以更危险。将取非，则相当于立即治该病，则结论成立不了。故为假设。E取非为：少数得OMS的人不用治就好了。对结论不起作用。故不是假设。

lukrenee

lawyer说：原文推理是：两种病OMS，CE症状相同，OMS普通，CE不立即治会致命。所以在高山时CE更危险。

其假设：将CE当作OMS治。这样就相当于没立即治CE，所以更危险。将取非，则相当于立即治该病，则结论成立不了。故为假设。E取非为：少数得OMS的人不用治就好了。对结论不起作用。故不是假设。

首先承认A是对的，但E是说多数（MOST PEOPLE）得OMS的人不用治就好了，则假CE为OMS，则多数情况下不用治，更加危险呀。E为什么错？

lawyer_1

E最多只能是支持选项，你用的方法也是找支持选项的方法。即你只是停留在有关无关的程度上看E选项。你试着用假设的独特法：取非法。看看，就像我上面说的一样。看看取非后能否使结论不成立，如果还有成立的可能性，就不是假设。

lukrenee

多谢，明白了。。。