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此篇阅读个人觉得超级变态,很多题目都无法从原文定位,真不知道这些美国鬼子是怎么出的恶题.无论如何,我门还是要把他拿下,欢迎大家一起来讨论. Q30 TO 33需要仔细阅读,我觉得难In most earthquakes the Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain, Stress builds up until a fracture forms at a line depth of a few kilometers and the crust (5) slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hun- dreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of (10) cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths? That such deep events do occur has been accepted
only since 1927. (15) when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their exis- tence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had (20) done, Wadati relied on a time differ- ence between the arrival of primary(P) waves and the slower secondary(S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant (25) speeds, the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or initial rupture point. For most earthquakes, wadati dis- (30) covered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter; the point on the sur- face where shaking is strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long even at the epicenter. Wadati saw (35) a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking.
Most earth- quakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter. (40) but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more (45) common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down. The question remained: how can (50) such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilo- meters is too ductile to store enough stress to fracture? Wadati’s work sug- gested that deep events occur in areas (55) (now called Wadati-Benioff zones) where one crustal plate is forced under another and descends into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and (60) hence is less ductile and much more liable to fracture. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30. The author’s explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true? A. Deep events are far less common than shallow events. B. Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet. C. Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than it is at 50 kilometers. D. The speeds of both P and S waves are slightly greater than previously thought. E. Below 650 kilometers earthquakes cease to occur. Answer:B ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31. information presented in the passage sug- gests that, compared with seismic activity at the epicenter of a shallow event, seismic activity at the epicenter of a deep event is characterized by A. shorter P-S intervals and higher peak intensity B. shorter P-S intervals and lower peak intensity C. longer P-S intervals and similar peak intensity D. longer P-S intervals and higher peak intensity E. longer P-S intervals and lower peak intensity. Answer:B P波和S波由一个震源产生，但速度不同，就像打雷一样：闪电和雷声得间隔越大，说明放电点离地面越远，排除AB；还有就是影响面积的问题：Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area这句话可以说明，就像你拿个手电筒往远处照，照得越远，光束就越分散，地震能量也是如此。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32. The passage supports which of the following Statements about the relationship
between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake? (A) P waves originate at the focus and S waves originate at the epicenter. (B) In deep events the epicenter and the focus are reversed. (C) In shallow events the epicenter and the focus coincide (D) In both deep and shallow events the Focus lies beneath the epicenter (E) The epicenter is in the crust, whereas the focus is in the mantle. Answer ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33. The passage suggests that which of the following must take place in order for any earthquake to occur? 1.Stress must build up. 2.Cool rock must descend into the mantle. 3.A fracture must occur (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 3 only (D) 1 and 3 only (E) 1, 2, and 3 answer
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发表于 2006-6-13 21:03:00
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